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DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR
Cardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening complication in sepsis. Upon infection and cardiac stress, the cardiac macrophage population expands. Recruited macrophages exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory phenotype and release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to cardiac...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415522 |
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author | Neu, Carolina Thiele, Yvonne Horr, Fabienne Beckers, Christian Frank, Nadine Marx, Gernot Martin, Lukas Kraemer, Sandra Zechendorf, Elisabeth |
author_facet | Neu, Carolina Thiele, Yvonne Horr, Fabienne Beckers, Christian Frank, Nadine Marx, Gernot Martin, Lukas Kraemer, Sandra Zechendorf, Elisabeth |
author_sort | Neu, Carolina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening complication in sepsis. Upon infection and cardiac stress, the cardiac macrophage population expands. Recruited macrophages exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory phenotype and release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are highly complex and not fully understood. Here, we utilized an indirect macrophage–cardiomyocyte co-culture model to study the effects of proinflammatory macrophages on the activation of different cardiac receptors (TLR3, TLR4, and TNFR) and their role in cardiac inflammation and caspase-3/7 activation. The stimulation of cardiomyocytes with conditioned medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages resulted in elevated IL-6 protein concentrations and relative IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels. Conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated macrophages also induced NFκB translocation and increased caspase-3/7 activation in cardiomyocytes. Analyzing the role of different cardiac receptors, we found that TLR4 and TNFR inhibition reduces cardiac inflammation and that the inhibition of TNFR prevents NFκB translocation into the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, induced by exposure to conditioned medium of proinflammatory macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLR3 inhibition reduces macrophage-mediated caspase-3/7 activation. Our results suggest that the immune response of macrophages under inflammatory conditions leads to the release of DAMPs, such as eRNA and cytokines, which in turn induce cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Thus, the data obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9778802 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97788022022-12-23 DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR Neu, Carolina Thiele, Yvonne Horr, Fabienne Beckers, Christian Frank, Nadine Marx, Gernot Martin, Lukas Kraemer, Sandra Zechendorf, Elisabeth Int J Mol Sci Article Cardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening complication in sepsis. Upon infection and cardiac stress, the cardiac macrophage population expands. Recruited macrophages exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory phenotype and release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are highly complex and not fully understood. Here, we utilized an indirect macrophage–cardiomyocyte co-culture model to study the effects of proinflammatory macrophages on the activation of different cardiac receptors (TLR3, TLR4, and TNFR) and their role in cardiac inflammation and caspase-3/7 activation. The stimulation of cardiomyocytes with conditioned medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages resulted in elevated IL-6 protein concentrations and relative IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels. Conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated macrophages also induced NFκB translocation and increased caspase-3/7 activation in cardiomyocytes. Analyzing the role of different cardiac receptors, we found that TLR4 and TNFR inhibition reduces cardiac inflammation and that the inhibition of TNFR prevents NFκB translocation into the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, induced by exposure to conditioned medium of proinflammatory macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLR3 inhibition reduces macrophage-mediated caspase-3/7 activation. Our results suggest that the immune response of macrophages under inflammatory conditions leads to the release of DAMPs, such as eRNA and cytokines, which in turn induce cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Thus, the data obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction. MDPI 2022-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9778802/ /pubmed/36555168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415522 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Neu, Carolina Thiele, Yvonne Horr, Fabienne Beckers, Christian Frank, Nadine Marx, Gernot Martin, Lukas Kraemer, Sandra Zechendorf, Elisabeth DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title | DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title_full | DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title_fullStr | DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title_full_unstemmed | DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title_short | DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR |
title_sort | damps released from proinflammatory macrophages induce inflammation in cardiomyocytes via activation of tlr4 and tnfr |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415522 |
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