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Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality

Background: Water quality testing is vital to protect human health. Current testing relies mainly on culture-based detection of faecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli (E.coli). However, bacterial cultures are a slow process, taking 24–48 h and requiring specialised laboratories and trai...

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Autores principales: Sattar, Anas A., Good, Christian R., Saletes, Margaux, Brandão, João, Jackson, Simon K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778876/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416528
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author Sattar, Anas A.
Good, Christian R.
Saletes, Margaux
Brandão, João
Jackson, Simon K.
author_facet Sattar, Anas A.
Good, Christian R.
Saletes, Margaux
Brandão, João
Jackson, Simon K.
author_sort Sattar, Anas A.
collection PubMed
description Background: Water quality testing is vital to protect human health. Current testing relies mainly on culture-based detection of faecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli (E.coli). However, bacterial cultures are a slow process, taking 24–48 h and requiring specialised laboratories and trained personnel. Access to such laboratories is often sparse in developing countries and there are many fatalities deriving from poor water quality. Endotoxin is a molecular component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls and can be used to detect their presence in drinking water. Method: The current study used a novel assay (BacterisK) to rapidly detect endotoxin in various water samples and correlate the results with E. coli content measured by culture methods. The data generated by the BacterisK assay are presented as an ‘endotoxin risk’ (ER). Results: The ER values correlate with E. coli and thus endotoxin can be used as a marker of faecal contamination in water. Moreover, the BacterisK assay provides data in near real-time and can be used in situ allowing water quality testing at different spatial and temporal locations. Conclusion: We suggest that BacterisK can be used as a convenient risk assessment tool to assess water quality where results are required quickly or access to laboratories is lacking.
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spelling pubmed-97788762022-12-23 Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality Sattar, Anas A. Good, Christian R. Saletes, Margaux Brandão, João Jackson, Simon K. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Water quality testing is vital to protect human health. Current testing relies mainly on culture-based detection of faecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli (E.coli). However, bacterial cultures are a slow process, taking 24–48 h and requiring specialised laboratories and trained personnel. Access to such laboratories is often sparse in developing countries and there are many fatalities deriving from poor water quality. Endotoxin is a molecular component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls and can be used to detect their presence in drinking water. Method: The current study used a novel assay (BacterisK) to rapidly detect endotoxin in various water samples and correlate the results with E. coli content measured by culture methods. The data generated by the BacterisK assay are presented as an ‘endotoxin risk’ (ER). Results: The ER values correlate with E. coli and thus endotoxin can be used as a marker of faecal contamination in water. Moreover, the BacterisK assay provides data in near real-time and can be used in situ allowing water quality testing at different spatial and temporal locations. Conclusion: We suggest that BacterisK can be used as a convenient risk assessment tool to assess water quality where results are required quickly or access to laboratories is lacking. MDPI 2022-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9778876/ /pubmed/36554408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416528 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sattar, Anas A.
Good, Christian R.
Saletes, Margaux
Brandão, João
Jackson, Simon K.
Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title_full Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title_fullStr Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title_full_unstemmed Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title_short Endotoxin as a Marker for Water Quality
title_sort endotoxin as a marker for water quality
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778876/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416528
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