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Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness
Animals and their microbiomes exert reciprocal influence; the host’s environment, physiology, and phylogeny can impact the composition of the microbiome, while the microbes present can affect host behavior, health, and fitness. While some microbiomes are highly malleable, specialized microbiomes tha...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779040/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548265 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279288 |
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author | Bunker, Marie E. Weiss, Stacey L. |
author_facet | Bunker, Marie E. Weiss, Stacey L. |
author_sort | Bunker, Marie E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Animals and their microbiomes exert reciprocal influence; the host’s environment, physiology, and phylogeny can impact the composition of the microbiome, while the microbes present can affect host behavior, health, and fitness. While some microbiomes are highly malleable, specialized microbiomes that provide important functions can be more robust to environmental perturbations. Recent evidence suggests Sceloporus virgatus has one such specialized microbiome, which functions to protect eggs from fungal pathogens during incubation. Here, we examine the cloacal microbiome of three different Sceloporus species (spiny lizards; Family Phrynosomatidae)–Sceloporus virgatus, Sceloporus jarrovii, and Sceloporus occidentalis. We compare two species with different reproductive modes (oviparous vs. viviparous) living in sympatry: S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. We compare sister species living in similar habitats (riparian oak-pine woodlands) but different latitudes: S. virgatus and S. occidentalis. And, we compare three populations of one species (S. occidentalis) living in different habitat types: beach, low elevation forest, and the riparian woodland. We found differences in beta diversity metrics between all three comparisons, although those differences were more extreme between animals in different environments, even though those populations were more closely related. Similarly, alpha diversity varied among the S. occidentalis populations and between S. occidentalis and S. virgatus, but not between sympatric S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. Despite these differences, all three species and all three populations of S. occcidentalis had the same dominant taxon, Enterobacteriaceae. The majority of the variation between groups was in low abundance taxa and at the ASV level; these taxa are responsive to habitat differences, geographic distance, and host relatedness. Uncovering what factors influence the composition of wild microbiomes is important to understanding the ecology and evolution of the host animals, and can lead to more detailed exploration of the function of particular microbes and the community as a whole. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9779040 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97790402022-12-23 Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness Bunker, Marie E. Weiss, Stacey L. PLoS One Research Article Animals and their microbiomes exert reciprocal influence; the host’s environment, physiology, and phylogeny can impact the composition of the microbiome, while the microbes present can affect host behavior, health, and fitness. While some microbiomes are highly malleable, specialized microbiomes that provide important functions can be more robust to environmental perturbations. Recent evidence suggests Sceloporus virgatus has one such specialized microbiome, which functions to protect eggs from fungal pathogens during incubation. Here, we examine the cloacal microbiome of three different Sceloporus species (spiny lizards; Family Phrynosomatidae)–Sceloporus virgatus, Sceloporus jarrovii, and Sceloporus occidentalis. We compare two species with different reproductive modes (oviparous vs. viviparous) living in sympatry: S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. We compare sister species living in similar habitats (riparian oak-pine woodlands) but different latitudes: S. virgatus and S. occidentalis. And, we compare three populations of one species (S. occidentalis) living in different habitat types: beach, low elevation forest, and the riparian woodland. We found differences in beta diversity metrics between all three comparisons, although those differences were more extreme between animals in different environments, even though those populations were more closely related. Similarly, alpha diversity varied among the S. occidentalis populations and between S. occidentalis and S. virgatus, but not between sympatric S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. Despite these differences, all three species and all three populations of S. occcidentalis had the same dominant taxon, Enterobacteriaceae. The majority of the variation between groups was in low abundance taxa and at the ASV level; these taxa are responsive to habitat differences, geographic distance, and host relatedness. Uncovering what factors influence the composition of wild microbiomes is important to understanding the ecology and evolution of the host animals, and can lead to more detailed exploration of the function of particular microbes and the community as a whole. Public Library of Science 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9779040/ /pubmed/36548265 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279288 Text en © 2022 Bunker, Weiss https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bunker, Marie E. Weiss, Stacey L. Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title | Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title_full | Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title_fullStr | Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title_full_unstemmed | Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title_short | Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
title_sort | cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779040/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548265 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279288 |
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