Process and Eco-Environment Impact of Land Use Function Transition under the Perspective of “Production-Living-Ecological” Spaces—Case of Haikou City, China

Land use function transition can change the eco-environment. To achieve an “Intensive and efficient production space, moderately livable living space, and beautiful ecological space”, the ecological effects of land use function transition in the context of ecologically fragile areas and rapidly developing areas of socio-economic importance need to be studied. In this study, from the perspective of “production-living-ecological” spaces, we calculated the index of regional eco-environment quality, positive and negative effects of eco-environment impact, and the ecological contribution rate and analyzed the driving factors. We found the following: (1) The production space was greatly compressed, living space was expanded, and ecological space was significantly squeezed. Haikou underwent a rapid transformation from an agriculture-dependent city to an industrial city. Land supply for urban and rural living was guaranteed by the Chinese land management department. However, Haikou prioritized economic development over environmental protection. (2) The regional eco-environment quality index decreased from 2009 to 2018. The expansion of pasture-based ecological spaces is important for improving the quality of the eco-environment, and the reduction of forest ecological space strongly influences the deterioration of the eco-environment. (3) Resource base, historical level of utilization, suitability of land, the ecological value potentiality, and regional policies greatly affected land use function transition and its eco-environment. (4) Refining the planning of territorial space, comprehensively improving land and resources, and reforming the rural land system greatly influenced policy guidance and technical regulation for coordinating “production-living-ecological” spaces and improving the regional eco-environment. In this study, we tested the effect of regional policy regulation on land use function transition and provided a reference for coordinating “production-living-ecological” spaces.