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The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task
Duration cognition refers to an individual’s cognition for the duration of a given stimulus. Previous studies have explored the effect of emotions on duration perception; however, the results remain controversial. To explore the characteristics of college students’ time perception under electrical s...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779178/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416984 |
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author | Zhao, Chunni Zeng, Qing |
author_facet | Zhao, Chunni Zeng, Qing |
author_sort | Zhao, Chunni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Duration cognition refers to an individual’s cognition for the duration of a given stimulus. Previous studies have explored the effect of emotions on duration perception; however, the results remain controversial. To explore the characteristics of college students’ time perception under electrical stimulation, this study used a time-reproduction task and a within-subject design with electrical-stimulation conditions and target duration as independent variables. Additionally, this study used the average temporal reproduction and the reproduction coefficient of variation as dependent variables; the subjective arousal degree, value, and electrical activity under electric stimulation were recorded simultaneously. The results indicated a significant main effect of electrical stimulation. Compared to non-electrical stimulation, the average temporal reproduction of participants under electrical stimulation was significantly shorter. Additionally, the interaction between electrical stimulation and target duration was significant. Furthermore, with the increase in the target duration, the shortening degree of the average temporal reproduction under the electrical stimulation increased significantly. Additionally, the participants’ subjective arousal with electrical stimulation was higher than that without an electrical shock, and the valence with electrical stimulation was lower than that without electrical stimulation. These results suggest that the emotions induced by electrical stimulation increase the internal-clock speed, which leads to the relative overestimation of time perception. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9779178 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97791782022-12-23 The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task Zhao, Chunni Zeng, Qing Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Duration cognition refers to an individual’s cognition for the duration of a given stimulus. Previous studies have explored the effect of emotions on duration perception; however, the results remain controversial. To explore the characteristics of college students’ time perception under electrical stimulation, this study used a time-reproduction task and a within-subject design with electrical-stimulation conditions and target duration as independent variables. Additionally, this study used the average temporal reproduction and the reproduction coefficient of variation as dependent variables; the subjective arousal degree, value, and electrical activity under electric stimulation were recorded simultaneously. The results indicated a significant main effect of electrical stimulation. Compared to non-electrical stimulation, the average temporal reproduction of participants under electrical stimulation was significantly shorter. Additionally, the interaction between electrical stimulation and target duration was significant. Furthermore, with the increase in the target duration, the shortening degree of the average temporal reproduction under the electrical stimulation increased significantly. Additionally, the participants’ subjective arousal with electrical stimulation was higher than that without an electrical shock, and the valence with electrical stimulation was lower than that without electrical stimulation. These results suggest that the emotions induced by electrical stimulation increase the internal-clock speed, which leads to the relative overestimation of time perception. MDPI 2022-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9779178/ /pubmed/36554862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416984 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhao, Chunni Zeng, Qing The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title | The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title_full | The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title_fullStr | The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title_short | The Effect of Electrical-Stimulation-Induced Emotion on Time Perception: A Time-Reproduction Task |
title_sort | effect of electrical-stimulation-induced emotion on time perception: a time-reproduction task |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779178/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416984 |
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