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Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation

Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-organ disease with a high prevalence of extra-intestinal involvement, including neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, headache, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, the mechanisms behi...

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Autores principales: Giuffrè, Mauro, Gazzin, Silvia, Zoratti, Caterina, Llido, John Paul, Lanza, Giuseppe, Tiribelli, Claudio, Moretti, Rita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415564
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author Giuffrè, Mauro
Gazzin, Silvia
Zoratti, Caterina
Llido, John Paul
Lanza, Giuseppe
Tiribelli, Claudio
Moretti, Rita
author_facet Giuffrè, Mauro
Gazzin, Silvia
Zoratti, Caterina
Llido, John Paul
Lanza, Giuseppe
Tiribelli, Claudio
Moretti, Rita
author_sort Giuffrè, Mauro
collection PubMed
description Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-organ disease with a high prevalence of extra-intestinal involvement, including neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, headache, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, the mechanisms behind the neurological involvement in CD remain controversial. Recent evidence shows these can be related to gluten-mediated pathogenesis, including antibody cross-reaction, deposition of immune-complex, direct neurotoxicity, and in severe cases, vitamins or nutrients deficiency. Here, we have summarized new evidence related to gut microbiota and the so-called “gut-liver-brain axis” involved in CD-related neurological manifestations. Additionally, there has yet to be an agreement on whether serological or neurophysiological findings can effectively early diagnose and properly monitor CD-associated neurological involvement; notably, most of them can revert to normal with a rigorous gluten-free diet. Moving from a molecular level to a symptom-based approach, clinical, serological, and neurophysiology data might help to disentangle the many-faceted interactions between the gut and brain in CD. Eventually, the identification of multimodal biomarkers might help diagnose, monitor, and improve the quality of life of patients with “neuroCD”.
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spelling pubmed-97792322022-12-23 Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation Giuffrè, Mauro Gazzin, Silvia Zoratti, Caterina Llido, John Paul Lanza, Giuseppe Tiribelli, Claudio Moretti, Rita Int J Mol Sci Review Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-organ disease with a high prevalence of extra-intestinal involvement, including neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, headache, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, the mechanisms behind the neurological involvement in CD remain controversial. Recent evidence shows these can be related to gluten-mediated pathogenesis, including antibody cross-reaction, deposition of immune-complex, direct neurotoxicity, and in severe cases, vitamins or nutrients deficiency. Here, we have summarized new evidence related to gut microbiota and the so-called “gut-liver-brain axis” involved in CD-related neurological manifestations. Additionally, there has yet to be an agreement on whether serological or neurophysiological findings can effectively early diagnose and properly monitor CD-associated neurological involvement; notably, most of them can revert to normal with a rigorous gluten-free diet. Moving from a molecular level to a symptom-based approach, clinical, serological, and neurophysiology data might help to disentangle the many-faceted interactions between the gut and brain in CD. Eventually, the identification of multimodal biomarkers might help diagnose, monitor, and improve the quality of life of patients with “neuroCD”. MDPI 2022-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9779232/ /pubmed/36555205 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415564 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Giuffrè, Mauro
Gazzin, Silvia
Zoratti, Caterina
Llido, John Paul
Lanza, Giuseppe
Tiribelli, Claudio
Moretti, Rita
Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title_full Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title_fullStr Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title_full_unstemmed Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title_short Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation
title_sort celiac disease and neurological manifestations: from gluten to neuroinflammation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415564
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