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Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia
Background: A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, inclu...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416895 |
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author | Kasielska-Trojan, Anna Zawadzki, Tomasz Antoszewski, Bogusław |
author_facet | Kasielska-Trojan, Anna Zawadzki, Tomasz Antoszewski, Bogusław |
author_sort | Kasielska-Trojan, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, including participants with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. Material and methods: The sample included 65 women (mean age 33.97 ± 12.1 years). Thirty were randomly selected students and/or patients who regarded their breast size as small, normal or average and who had not undergone or intended to have any breast surgery. The remainder (n = 35) were qualified for breast reduction due to macromastia and/or gigantomastia. In all participants we measured/calculated weight, height and BMI, as well as took chest photographs. Breast volumes and nipple areola complex FAs were evaluated in a specifically-designed software. Results: Breast size significantly positively correlated with breast volume FA in all women (t = 5.17, p < 0.0001) and in women with macromastia/gigantomastia (t = 2.32, p = 0.027). All nipple location FAs correlated positively with breast size. Conclusions: In women with different breast sizes, breast size correlates with FA calculated from breast volume and nipple location FAs. In women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia, breasts present higher FA than “normal” breasts. This observation may give a rationale for earlier and more frequent prophylactic breast imaging in women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9779403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97794032022-12-23 Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia Kasielska-Trojan, Anna Zawadzki, Tomasz Antoszewski, Bogusław Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, including participants with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. Material and methods: The sample included 65 women (mean age 33.97 ± 12.1 years). Thirty were randomly selected students and/or patients who regarded their breast size as small, normal or average and who had not undergone or intended to have any breast surgery. The remainder (n = 35) were qualified for breast reduction due to macromastia and/or gigantomastia. In all participants we measured/calculated weight, height and BMI, as well as took chest photographs. Breast volumes and nipple areola complex FAs were evaluated in a specifically-designed software. Results: Breast size significantly positively correlated with breast volume FA in all women (t = 5.17, p < 0.0001) and in women with macromastia/gigantomastia (t = 2.32, p = 0.027). All nipple location FAs correlated positively with breast size. Conclusions: In women with different breast sizes, breast size correlates with FA calculated from breast volume and nipple location FAs. In women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia, breasts present higher FA than “normal” breasts. This observation may give a rationale for earlier and more frequent prophylactic breast imaging in women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. MDPI 2022-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9779403/ /pubmed/36554776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416895 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kasielska-Trojan, Anna Zawadzki, Tomasz Antoszewski, Bogusław Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title | Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title_full | Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title_fullStr | Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title_full_unstemmed | Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title_short | Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia |
title_sort | breast fluctuating asymmetry in women with macromastia/gigantomastia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416895 |
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