Cargando…

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment

Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kovačević, Zorana, Tomanić, Dragana, Čabarkapa, Ivana, Šarić, Ljubiša, Stanojević, Jovan, Bijelić, Katarina, Galić, Ivan, Ružić, Zoran, Erdeljan, Mihajlo, Kladar, Nebojša
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643
_version_ 1784856630190407680
author Kovačević, Zorana
Tomanić, Dragana
Čabarkapa, Ivana
Šarić, Ljubiša
Stanojević, Jovan
Bijelić, Katarina
Galić, Ivan
Ružić, Zoran
Erdeljan, Mihajlo
Kladar, Nebojša
author_facet Kovačević, Zorana
Tomanić, Dragana
Čabarkapa, Ivana
Šarić, Ljubiša
Stanojević, Jovan
Bijelić, Katarina
Galić, Ivan
Ružić, Zoran
Erdeljan, Mihajlo
Kladar, Nebojša
author_sort Kovačević, Zorana
collection PubMed
description Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives to AMU in livestock production is present worldwide. Recently, essential oils (EOs) have gained great attention as promising possibilities for the replacement of antibiotics. The current study aimed to test the potential of using a novel EO-based pharmaceutical formulation (Phyto-Bomat) in bovine mastitis treatment. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique. Lactating dairy cows were treated with 15 mL of Phyto-Bomat in the inflamed quarter for 5 consecutive days in order to analyze blood and milk samples for thymol and carvacrol residues using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicates that this formulation has the highest activity against Gram-positive strains. The dominant compounds in Phyto-Bomat were thymol and carvacrol, at 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL and 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL, respectively. The quantification of these two compounds in evaluated biological samples showed that 24 h after administration the concentration of thymol and carvacrol in milk samples was at the same level as before application. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were detectable in plasma samples even after 24 h post-treatment, with values ranging from 0.15–0.38 and 0.21–0.66 µg/mL, respectively. The tested formulation showed encouraging results of antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, as well as the withdrawal period of dominant compounds, which implies that further testing regarding the bacteriological and clinical cure rates in clinical settings is needed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9779522
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97795222022-12-23 Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment Kovačević, Zorana Tomanić, Dragana Čabarkapa, Ivana Šarić, Ljubiša Stanojević, Jovan Bijelić, Katarina Galić, Ivan Ružić, Zoran Erdeljan, Mihajlo Kladar, Nebojša Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives to AMU in livestock production is present worldwide. Recently, essential oils (EOs) have gained great attention as promising possibilities for the replacement of antibiotics. The current study aimed to test the potential of using a novel EO-based pharmaceutical formulation (Phyto-Bomat) in bovine mastitis treatment. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique. Lactating dairy cows were treated with 15 mL of Phyto-Bomat in the inflamed quarter for 5 consecutive days in order to analyze blood and milk samples for thymol and carvacrol residues using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicates that this formulation has the highest activity against Gram-positive strains. The dominant compounds in Phyto-Bomat were thymol and carvacrol, at 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL and 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL, respectively. The quantification of these two compounds in evaluated biological samples showed that 24 h after administration the concentration of thymol and carvacrol in milk samples was at the same level as before application. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were detectable in plasma samples even after 24 h post-treatment, with values ranging from 0.15–0.38 and 0.21–0.66 µg/mL, respectively. The tested formulation showed encouraging results of antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, as well as the withdrawal period of dominant compounds, which implies that further testing regarding the bacteriological and clinical cure rates in clinical settings is needed. MDPI 2022-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9779522/ /pubmed/36554523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kovačević, Zorana
Tomanić, Dragana
Čabarkapa, Ivana
Šarić, Ljubiša
Stanojević, Jovan
Bijelić, Katarina
Galić, Ivan
Ružić, Zoran
Erdeljan, Mihajlo
Kladar, Nebojša
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title_full Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title_fullStr Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title_short Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
title_sort chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and withdrawal period of essential oil-based pharmaceutical formulation in bovine mastitis treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643
work_keys_str_mv AT kovaceviczorana chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT tomanicdragana chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT cabarkapaivana chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT saricljubisa chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT stanojevicjovan chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT bijelickatarina chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT galicivan chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT ruziczoran chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT erdeljanmihajlo chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment
AT kladarnebojsa chemicalcompositionantimicrobialactivityandwithdrawalperiodofessentialoilbasedpharmaceuticalformulationinbovinemastitistreatment