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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment
Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643 |
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author | Kovačević, Zorana Tomanić, Dragana Čabarkapa, Ivana Šarić, Ljubiša Stanojević, Jovan Bijelić, Katarina Galić, Ivan Ružić, Zoran Erdeljan, Mihajlo Kladar, Nebojša |
author_facet | Kovačević, Zorana Tomanić, Dragana Čabarkapa, Ivana Šarić, Ljubiša Stanojević, Jovan Bijelić, Katarina Galić, Ivan Ružić, Zoran Erdeljan, Mihajlo Kladar, Nebojša |
author_sort | Kovačević, Zorana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives to AMU in livestock production is present worldwide. Recently, essential oils (EOs) have gained great attention as promising possibilities for the replacement of antibiotics. The current study aimed to test the potential of using a novel EO-based pharmaceutical formulation (Phyto-Bomat) in bovine mastitis treatment. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique. Lactating dairy cows were treated with 15 mL of Phyto-Bomat in the inflamed quarter for 5 consecutive days in order to analyze blood and milk samples for thymol and carvacrol residues using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicates that this formulation has the highest activity against Gram-positive strains. The dominant compounds in Phyto-Bomat were thymol and carvacrol, at 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL and 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL, respectively. The quantification of these two compounds in evaluated biological samples showed that 24 h after administration the concentration of thymol and carvacrol in milk samples was at the same level as before application. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were detectable in plasma samples even after 24 h post-treatment, with values ranging from 0.15–0.38 and 0.21–0.66 µg/mL, respectively. The tested formulation showed encouraging results of antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, as well as the withdrawal period of dominant compounds, which implies that further testing regarding the bacteriological and clinical cure rates in clinical settings is needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9779522 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97795222022-12-23 Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment Kovačević, Zorana Tomanić, Dragana Čabarkapa, Ivana Šarić, Ljubiša Stanojević, Jovan Bijelić, Katarina Galić, Ivan Ružić, Zoran Erdeljan, Mihajlo Kladar, Nebojša Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives to AMU in livestock production is present worldwide. Recently, essential oils (EOs) have gained great attention as promising possibilities for the replacement of antibiotics. The current study aimed to test the potential of using a novel EO-based pharmaceutical formulation (Phyto-Bomat) in bovine mastitis treatment. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique. Lactating dairy cows were treated with 15 mL of Phyto-Bomat in the inflamed quarter for 5 consecutive days in order to analyze blood and milk samples for thymol and carvacrol residues using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicates that this formulation has the highest activity against Gram-positive strains. The dominant compounds in Phyto-Bomat were thymol and carvacrol, at 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL and 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL, respectively. The quantification of these two compounds in evaluated biological samples showed that 24 h after administration the concentration of thymol and carvacrol in milk samples was at the same level as before application. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were detectable in plasma samples even after 24 h post-treatment, with values ranging from 0.15–0.38 and 0.21–0.66 µg/mL, respectively. The tested formulation showed encouraging results of antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, as well as the withdrawal period of dominant compounds, which implies that further testing regarding the bacteriological and clinical cure rates in clinical settings is needed. MDPI 2022-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9779522/ /pubmed/36554523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kovačević, Zorana Tomanić, Dragana Čabarkapa, Ivana Šarić, Ljubiša Stanojević, Jovan Bijelić, Katarina Galić, Ivan Ružić, Zoran Erdeljan, Mihajlo Kladar, Nebojša Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title | Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title_full | Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title_short | Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Withdrawal Period of Essential Oil-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation in Bovine Mastitis Treatment |
title_sort | chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and withdrawal period of essential oil-based pharmaceutical formulation in bovine mastitis treatment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416643 |
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