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Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach
This review examines the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) on inorganic compounds and cell biomolecules. As a disinfectant also present in drinking water, ClO(2) helps to destroy bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the maximum concentration of chl...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779649/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415660 |
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author | Andrés, Celia María Curieses de la Lastra, José Manuel Pérez Andrés Juan, Celia Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo |
author_facet | Andrés, Celia María Curieses de la Lastra, José Manuel Pérez Andrés Juan, Celia Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo |
author_sort | Andrés, Celia María Curieses |
collection | PubMed |
description | This review examines the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) on inorganic compounds and cell biomolecules. As a disinfectant also present in drinking water, ClO(2) helps to destroy bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the maximum concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water to be no more than 0.8 ppm. In any case, human consumption must be strictly regulated since, given its highly reactive nature, it can react with and oxidize many of the inorganic compounds found in natural waters. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide reacts with natural organic matter in water, including humic and fulvic acids, forming oxidized organic compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and rapidly oxidizes phenolic compounds, amines, amino acids, peptides, and proteins, as well as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH, responsible for electron and proton exchange and energy production in all cells. The influence of ClO(2) on biomolecules is derived from its interference with redox processes, modifying the electrochemical balances in mitochondrial and cell membranes. This discourages its use on an individual basis and without specialized monitoring by health professionals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9779649 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97796492022-12-23 Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach Andrés, Celia María Curieses de la Lastra, José Manuel Pérez Andrés Juan, Celia Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo Int J Mol Sci Review This review examines the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) on inorganic compounds and cell biomolecules. As a disinfectant also present in drinking water, ClO(2) helps to destroy bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the maximum concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water to be no more than 0.8 ppm. In any case, human consumption must be strictly regulated since, given its highly reactive nature, it can react with and oxidize many of the inorganic compounds found in natural waters. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide reacts with natural organic matter in water, including humic and fulvic acids, forming oxidized organic compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and rapidly oxidizes phenolic compounds, amines, amino acids, peptides, and proteins, as well as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH, responsible for electron and proton exchange and energy production in all cells. The influence of ClO(2) on biomolecules is derived from its interference with redox processes, modifying the electrochemical balances in mitochondrial and cell membranes. This discourages its use on an individual basis and without specialized monitoring by health professionals. MDPI 2022-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9779649/ /pubmed/36555303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415660 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Andrés, Celia María Curieses de la Lastra, José Manuel Pérez Andrés Juan, Celia Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title | Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title_full | Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title_fullStr | Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title_short | Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach |
title_sort | chlorine dioxide: friend or foe for cell biomolecules? a chemical approach |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779649/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415660 |
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