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Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study

We have designed a unique structure for a liquid sensor based on two-dimensional PCs with a triangular lattice constant in the periodicity by drilling a hexagonal cylinder in a dielectric host material. Using the COMSOL multiphysics approach, we investigated the given structure and sensing performan...

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Autores principales: Sayed, Hassan, Al-Dossari, M., Ismail, Mohamed A., El-Gawaad, N. S. Abd, Aly, Arafa H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36550138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25608-1
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author Sayed, Hassan
Al-Dossari, M.
Ismail, Mohamed A.
El-Gawaad, N. S. Abd
Aly, Arafa H.
author_facet Sayed, Hassan
Al-Dossari, M.
Ismail, Mohamed A.
El-Gawaad, N. S. Abd
Aly, Arafa H.
author_sort Sayed, Hassan
collection PubMed
description We have designed a unique structure for a liquid sensor based on two-dimensional PCs with a triangular lattice constant in the periodicity by drilling a hexagonal cylinder in a dielectric host material. Using the COMSOL multiphysics approach, we investigated the given structure and sensing performance based on the finite element method. We will optimize two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals to localize the photonic band gap region in the mid and far infra-red frequency range, as water is a good absorber for this range of frequencies. Then, we inject the central hexagonal cylinder with saline water and calculate the sensor parameters for different values of the refractive index of saline water at different frequencies related to photonic band gaps. We could reach the optimum conditions of the salinity sensor as the half diagonal of the hexagonal shape (R) = 500 nm, the perpendicular distance between the two diagonal hexagonal (D) = 250 nm, and the number of periods (N) = 5, which gives a high efficiency with sensitivity (S) = 525 nm/RIU, figure of merit (FOM) = 80.7 RIU(−1), and quality factor (Q) = 375. The effects of structural characteristics on sensing performance are investigated, with new approaches for improving salinity sensors proposed. Furthermore, traditional salinity sensors may be replaced by the proposed method in the photo-sensing application, which is simple and practical for use in the thermal desalination techniques.
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spelling pubmed-97802342022-12-24 Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study Sayed, Hassan Al-Dossari, M. Ismail, Mohamed A. El-Gawaad, N. S. Abd Aly, Arafa H. Sci Rep Article We have designed a unique structure for a liquid sensor based on two-dimensional PCs with a triangular lattice constant in the periodicity by drilling a hexagonal cylinder in a dielectric host material. Using the COMSOL multiphysics approach, we investigated the given structure and sensing performance based on the finite element method. We will optimize two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals to localize the photonic band gap region in the mid and far infra-red frequency range, as water is a good absorber for this range of frequencies. Then, we inject the central hexagonal cylinder with saline water and calculate the sensor parameters for different values of the refractive index of saline water at different frequencies related to photonic band gaps. We could reach the optimum conditions of the salinity sensor as the half diagonal of the hexagonal shape (R) = 500 nm, the perpendicular distance between the two diagonal hexagonal (D) = 250 nm, and the number of periods (N) = 5, which gives a high efficiency with sensitivity (S) = 525 nm/RIU, figure of merit (FOM) = 80.7 RIU(−1), and quality factor (Q) = 375. The effects of structural characteristics on sensing performance are investigated, with new approaches for improving salinity sensors proposed. Furthermore, traditional salinity sensors may be replaced by the proposed method in the photo-sensing application, which is simple and practical for use in the thermal desalination techniques. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9780234/ /pubmed/36550138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25608-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Sayed, Hassan
Al-Dossari, M.
Ismail, Mohamed A.
El-Gawaad, N. S. Abd
Aly, Arafa H.
Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title_full Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title_fullStr Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title_full_unstemmed Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title_short Performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
title_sort performance analysis of the salinity based on hexagonal two-dimensional photonic crystal: computational study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36550138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25608-1
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