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Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers

For almost a century the classical conditioning of nictitating membrane/eyelid responses has been used as an excellent and feasible experimental model to study how the brain organizes the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of new motor abilities in alert behaving mammals, including humans. Lesional...

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Autores principales: Parras, Gloria G., Leal-Campanario, Rocío, López-Ramos, Juan C., Gruart, Agnès, Delgado-García, José M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36570703
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057251
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author Parras, Gloria G.
Leal-Campanario, Rocío
López-Ramos, Juan C.
Gruart, Agnès
Delgado-García, José M.
author_facet Parras, Gloria G.
Leal-Campanario, Rocío
López-Ramos, Juan C.
Gruart, Agnès
Delgado-García, José M.
author_sort Parras, Gloria G.
collection PubMed
description For almost a century the classical conditioning of nictitating membrane/eyelid responses has been used as an excellent and feasible experimental model to study how the brain organizes the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of new motor abilities in alert behaving mammals, including humans. Lesional, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches, and more recently, genetically manipulated animals have shown the involvement of numerous brain areas in this apparently simple example of associative learning. In this regard, the cerebellum (both cortex and nuclei) has received particular attention as a putative site for the acquisition and storage of eyelid conditioned responses, a proposal not fully accepted by all researchers. Indeed, the acquisition of this type of learning implies the activation of many neural processes dealing with the sensorimotor integration and the kinematics of the acquired ability, as well as with the attentional and cognitive aspects also involved in this process. Here, we address specifically the functional roles of three brain structures (red nucleus, cerebellar interpositus nucleus, and motor cortex) mainly involved in the acquisition and performance of eyelid conditioned responses and three other brain structures (hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and claustrum) related to non-motor aspects of the acquisition process. The main conclusion is that the acquisition of this motor ability results from the contribution of many cortical and subcortical brain structures each one involved in specific (motor and cognitive) aspects of the learning process.
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spelling pubmed-97802782022-12-24 Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers Parras, Gloria G. Leal-Campanario, Rocío López-Ramos, Juan C. Gruart, Agnès Delgado-García, José M. Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience For almost a century the classical conditioning of nictitating membrane/eyelid responses has been used as an excellent and feasible experimental model to study how the brain organizes the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of new motor abilities in alert behaving mammals, including humans. Lesional, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches, and more recently, genetically manipulated animals have shown the involvement of numerous brain areas in this apparently simple example of associative learning. In this regard, the cerebellum (both cortex and nuclei) has received particular attention as a putative site for the acquisition and storage of eyelid conditioned responses, a proposal not fully accepted by all researchers. Indeed, the acquisition of this type of learning implies the activation of many neural processes dealing with the sensorimotor integration and the kinematics of the acquired ability, as well as with the attentional and cognitive aspects also involved in this process. Here, we address specifically the functional roles of three brain structures (red nucleus, cerebellar interpositus nucleus, and motor cortex) mainly involved in the acquisition and performance of eyelid conditioned responses and three other brain structures (hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and claustrum) related to non-motor aspects of the acquisition process. The main conclusion is that the acquisition of this motor ability results from the contribution of many cortical and subcortical brain structures each one involved in specific (motor and cognitive) aspects of the learning process. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9780278/ /pubmed/36570703 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057251 Text en Copyright © 2022 Parras, Leal-Campanario, López-Ramos, Gruart and Delgado-García. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Behavioral Neuroscience
Parras, Gloria G.
Leal-Campanario, Rocío
López-Ramos, Juan C.
Gruart, Agnès
Delgado-García, José M.
Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title_full Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title_fullStr Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title_full_unstemmed Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title_short Functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
title_sort functional properties of eyelid conditioned responses and involved brain centers
topic Behavioral Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36570703
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057251
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