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Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana

Most species of bee are capable of delivering a defensive sting which is often painful. A solitary lifestyle is the ancestral state of bees and most extant species are solitary, but information on bee venoms comes predominantly from studies on eusocial species. In this study we investigated the veno...

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Autores principales: Shi, Naiqi, Szanto, Tibor G., He, Jia, Schroeder, Christina I., Walker, Andrew A., Deuis, Jennifer R., Vetter, Irina, Panyi, György, King, Glenn F., Robinson, Samuel D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36550366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26867-8
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author Shi, Naiqi
Szanto, Tibor G.
He, Jia
Schroeder, Christina I.
Walker, Andrew A.
Deuis, Jennifer R.
Vetter, Irina
Panyi, György
King, Glenn F.
Robinson, Samuel D.
author_facet Shi, Naiqi
Szanto, Tibor G.
He, Jia
Schroeder, Christina I.
Walker, Andrew A.
Deuis, Jennifer R.
Vetter, Irina
Panyi, György
King, Glenn F.
Robinson, Samuel D.
author_sort Shi, Naiqi
collection PubMed
description Most species of bee are capable of delivering a defensive sting which is often painful. A solitary lifestyle is the ancestral state of bees and most extant species are solitary, but information on bee venoms comes predominantly from studies on eusocial species. In this study we investigated the venom composition of the Australian great carpenter bee, Xylocopa aruana Ritsema, 1876. We show that the venom is relatively simple, composed mainly of one small amphipathic peptide (XYTX(1)-Xa1a), with lesser amounts of an apamin homologue (XYTX(2)-Xa2a) and a venom phospholipase-A(2) (PLA(2)). XYTX(1)-Xa1a is homologous to, and shares a similar mode-of-action to melittin and the bombilitins, the major components of the venoms of the eusocial Apis mellifera (Western honeybee) and Bombus spp. (bumblebee), respectively. XYTX(1)-Xa1a and melittin directly activate mammalian sensory neurons and cause spontaneous pain behaviours in vivo, effects which are potentiated in the presence of venom PLA(2). The apamin-like peptide XYTX(2)-Xa2a was a relatively weak blocker of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)) channels and, like A. mellifera apamin and mast cell-degranulating peptide, did not contribute to pain behaviours in mice. While the composition and mode-of-action of the venom of X. aruana are similar to that of A. mellifera, the greater potency, on mammalian sensory neurons, of the major pain-causing component in A. mellifera venom may represent an adaptation to the distinct defensive pressures on eusocial Apidae.
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spelling pubmed-97803262022-12-24 Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana Shi, Naiqi Szanto, Tibor G. He, Jia Schroeder, Christina I. Walker, Andrew A. Deuis, Jennifer R. Vetter, Irina Panyi, György King, Glenn F. Robinson, Samuel D. Sci Rep Article Most species of bee are capable of delivering a defensive sting which is often painful. A solitary lifestyle is the ancestral state of bees and most extant species are solitary, but information on bee venoms comes predominantly from studies on eusocial species. In this study we investigated the venom composition of the Australian great carpenter bee, Xylocopa aruana Ritsema, 1876. We show that the venom is relatively simple, composed mainly of one small amphipathic peptide (XYTX(1)-Xa1a), with lesser amounts of an apamin homologue (XYTX(2)-Xa2a) and a venom phospholipase-A(2) (PLA(2)). XYTX(1)-Xa1a is homologous to, and shares a similar mode-of-action to melittin and the bombilitins, the major components of the venoms of the eusocial Apis mellifera (Western honeybee) and Bombus spp. (bumblebee), respectively. XYTX(1)-Xa1a and melittin directly activate mammalian sensory neurons and cause spontaneous pain behaviours in vivo, effects which are potentiated in the presence of venom PLA(2). The apamin-like peptide XYTX(2)-Xa2a was a relatively weak blocker of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)) channels and, like A. mellifera apamin and mast cell-degranulating peptide, did not contribute to pain behaviours in mice. While the composition and mode-of-action of the venom of X. aruana are similar to that of A. mellifera, the greater potency, on mammalian sensory neurons, of the major pain-causing component in A. mellifera venom may represent an adaptation to the distinct defensive pressures on eusocial Apidae. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9780326/ /pubmed/36550366 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26867-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Shi, Naiqi
Szanto, Tibor G.
He, Jia
Schroeder, Christina I.
Walker, Andrew A.
Deuis, Jennifer R.
Vetter, Irina
Panyi, György
King, Glenn F.
Robinson, Samuel D.
Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title_full Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title_fullStr Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title_full_unstemmed Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title_short Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
title_sort venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the australian great carpenter bee xylocopa aruana
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36550366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26867-8
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