Cargando…

Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice

The frequent occurrence of marine dinoflagellates producing palytoxin (PLTX) or okadaic acid (OA) raises concern for the possible co-presence of these toxins in seafood, leading to additive or synergistic adverse effects in consumers. Thus, the acute oral toxicity of PLTX and OA association was eval...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sosa, Silvio, Pelin, Marco, Ponti, Cristina, Carlin, Michela, Tubaro, Aurelia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120735
_version_ 1784856983926472704
author Sosa, Silvio
Pelin, Marco
Ponti, Cristina
Carlin, Michela
Tubaro, Aurelia
author_facet Sosa, Silvio
Pelin, Marco
Ponti, Cristina
Carlin, Michela
Tubaro, Aurelia
author_sort Sosa, Silvio
collection PubMed
description The frequent occurrence of marine dinoflagellates producing palytoxin (PLTX) or okadaic acid (OA) raises concern for the possible co-presence of these toxins in seafood, leading to additive or synergistic adverse effects in consumers. Thus, the acute oral toxicity of PLTX and OA association was evaluated in mice: groups of eight female CD-1 mice were administered by gavage with combined doses of PLTX (30, 90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA (370 μg/kg), or with each individual toxin, recording signs up to 24 h (five mice) and 14 days (three mice). Lethal effects occurred only after PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) exposure, alone or combined with OA, also during the 14-day recovery. PLTX induced scratching, piloerection, abdominal swelling, muscle spasms, paralysis and dyspnea, which increased in frequency or duration when co-administered with OA. The latter induced only diarrhea. At 24 h, PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA caused wall redness in the small intestine or pale fluid accumulation in its lumen, respectively. These effects co-occurred in mice co-exposed to PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA, and were associated with slight ulcers and inflammation at forestomach. PLTX (270 μg/kg alone or 90 μg/kg associated with OA) also decreased the liver/body weight ratio, reducing hepatocyte glycogen (270 μg/kg, alone or combined with OA). No alterations were recorded in surviving mice after 14 days. Overall, the study suggests additive effects of PLTX and OA that should be considered for their risk assessment as seafood contaminants.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9781071
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97810712022-12-24 Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice Sosa, Silvio Pelin, Marco Ponti, Cristina Carlin, Michela Tubaro, Aurelia Mar Drugs Article The frequent occurrence of marine dinoflagellates producing palytoxin (PLTX) or okadaic acid (OA) raises concern for the possible co-presence of these toxins in seafood, leading to additive or synergistic adverse effects in consumers. Thus, the acute oral toxicity of PLTX and OA association was evaluated in mice: groups of eight female CD-1 mice were administered by gavage with combined doses of PLTX (30, 90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA (370 μg/kg), or with each individual toxin, recording signs up to 24 h (five mice) and 14 days (three mice). Lethal effects occurred only after PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) exposure, alone or combined with OA, also during the 14-day recovery. PLTX induced scratching, piloerection, abdominal swelling, muscle spasms, paralysis and dyspnea, which increased in frequency or duration when co-administered with OA. The latter induced only diarrhea. At 24 h, PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA caused wall redness in the small intestine or pale fluid accumulation in its lumen, respectively. These effects co-occurred in mice co-exposed to PLTX (90 or 270 μg/kg) and OA, and were associated with slight ulcers and inflammation at forestomach. PLTX (270 μg/kg alone or 90 μg/kg associated with OA) also decreased the liver/body weight ratio, reducing hepatocyte glycogen (270 μg/kg, alone or combined with OA). No alterations were recorded in surviving mice after 14 days. Overall, the study suggests additive effects of PLTX and OA that should be considered for their risk assessment as seafood contaminants. MDPI 2022-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9781071/ /pubmed/36547882 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120735 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sosa, Silvio
Pelin, Marco
Ponti, Cristina
Carlin, Michela
Tubaro, Aurelia
Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title_full Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title_fullStr Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title_short Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice
title_sort acute toxicity by oral co-exposure to palytoxin and okadaic acid in mice
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120735
work_keys_str_mv AT sosasilvio acutetoxicitybyoralcoexposuretopalytoxinandokadaicacidinmice
AT pelinmarco acutetoxicitybyoralcoexposuretopalytoxinandokadaicacidinmice
AT ponticristina acutetoxicitybyoralcoexposuretopalytoxinandokadaicacidinmice
AT carlinmichela acutetoxicitybyoralcoexposuretopalytoxinandokadaicacidinmice
AT tubaroaurelia acutetoxicitybyoralcoexposuretopalytoxinandokadaicacidinmice