Cargando…
Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling
(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventua...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36556233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012 |
_version_ | 1784857057458913280 |
---|---|
author | Cicek, Betul Genc, Sidika Yeni, Yesim Kuzucu, Mehmet Cetin, Ahmet Yildirim, Serkan Bolat, Ismail Kantarci, Mecit Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet Lazopoulos, Georgios Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsarouhas, Konstantinos Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali |
author_facet | Cicek, Betul Genc, Sidika Yeni, Yesim Kuzucu, Mehmet Cetin, Ahmet Yildirim, Serkan Bolat, Ismail Kantarci, Mecit Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet Lazopoulos, Georgios Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsarouhas, Konstantinos Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali |
author_sort | Cicek, Betul |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9781370 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97813702022-12-24 Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling Cicek, Betul Genc, Sidika Yeni, Yesim Kuzucu, Mehmet Cetin, Ahmet Yildirim, Serkan Bolat, Ismail Kantarci, Mecit Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet Lazopoulos, Georgios Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsarouhas, Konstantinos Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali J Pers Med Article (1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication. MDPI 2022-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9781370/ /pubmed/36556233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cicek, Betul Genc, Sidika Yeni, Yesim Kuzucu, Mehmet Cetin, Ahmet Yildirim, Serkan Bolat, Ismail Kantarci, Mecit Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet Lazopoulos, Georgios Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsarouhas, Konstantinos Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title | Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title_full | Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title_fullStr | Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title_full_unstemmed | Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title_short | Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling |
title_sort | artichoke (cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract alleviates diethylnitrosamine-induced toxicity in balb/c mouse brain: involvement of oxidative stress and apoptotically related klotho/pparγ signaling |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36556233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122012 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cicekbetul artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT gencsidika artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT yeniyesim artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT kuzucumehmet artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT cetinahmet artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT yildirimserkan artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT bolatismail artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT kantarcimecit artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT hacimuftuogluahmet artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT lazopoulosgeorgios artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT tsatsakisaristidis artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT tsarouhaskonstantinos artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling AT taghizadehghalehjoughiali artichokecynarascolymusmethanolicleafextractalleviatesdiethylnitrosamineinducedtoxicityinbalbcmousebraininvolvementofoxidativestressandapoptoticallyrelatedklothoppargsignaling |