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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing

Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) is one of the earliest domesticated and cultivated fruit trees, and it is widely distributed in China. Because of the high quality of its nuts and its high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, Chinese chestnut could be used to improve edible chestnut...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Xibing, Fang, Zhou, Lai, Junsheng, Wu, Qiang, Wu, Jian, Gong, Bangchu, Wang, Yanpeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559637
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243524
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author Jiang, Xibing
Fang, Zhou
Lai, Junsheng
Wu, Qiang
Wu, Jian
Gong, Bangchu
Wang, Yanpeng
author_facet Jiang, Xibing
Fang, Zhou
Lai, Junsheng
Wu, Qiang
Wu, Jian
Gong, Bangchu
Wang, Yanpeng
author_sort Jiang, Xibing
collection PubMed
description Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) is one of the earliest domesticated and cultivated fruit trees, and it is widely distributed in China. Because of the high quality of its nuts and its high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, Chinese chestnut could be used to improve edible chestnut varieties worldwide. However, the unclear domestication history and highly complex genetic background of Chinese chestnut have prevented the efficiency of breeding efforts. To explore the genetic diversity and structure of Chinese chestnut populations and generate new insights that could aid chestnut breeding, heterozygosity statistics, molecular variance analysis, ADMIXTURE analysis, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism data from 185 Chinese chestnut landraces from five geographical regions in China via genotyping by sequencing. Results showed that the genetic diversity level of the five populations from different regions was relatively high, with an observed heterozygosity of 0.2796–0.3427. The genetic diversity level of the population in the mid-western regions was the highest, while the population north of the Yellow River was the lowest. Molecular variance analysis showed that the variation among different populations was only 2.07%, while the intra-group variation reached 97.93%. The Chinese chestnut samples could be divided into two groups: a northern and southern population, separated by the Yellow River; however, some samples from the southern population were genetically closer to samples from the northern population. We speculate that this might be related to the migration of humans during the Han dynasty due to the frequent wars that took place during this period, which might have led to the introduction of chestnut to southern regions. Some samples from Shandong Province and Beijing City were outliers that did not cluster with their respective groups, and this might be caused by the special geographical, political, and economic significance of these two regions. The findings of our study showed the complex genetic relationships among Chinese chestnut landraces and the high genetic diversity of these resources.
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spelling pubmed-97819132022-12-24 Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing Jiang, Xibing Fang, Zhou Lai, Junsheng Wu, Qiang Wu, Jian Gong, Bangchu Wang, Yanpeng Plants (Basel) Article Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) is one of the earliest domesticated and cultivated fruit trees, and it is widely distributed in China. Because of the high quality of its nuts and its high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, Chinese chestnut could be used to improve edible chestnut varieties worldwide. However, the unclear domestication history and highly complex genetic background of Chinese chestnut have prevented the efficiency of breeding efforts. To explore the genetic diversity and structure of Chinese chestnut populations and generate new insights that could aid chestnut breeding, heterozygosity statistics, molecular variance analysis, ADMIXTURE analysis, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism data from 185 Chinese chestnut landraces from five geographical regions in China via genotyping by sequencing. Results showed that the genetic diversity level of the five populations from different regions was relatively high, with an observed heterozygosity of 0.2796–0.3427. The genetic diversity level of the population in the mid-western regions was the highest, while the population north of the Yellow River was the lowest. Molecular variance analysis showed that the variation among different populations was only 2.07%, while the intra-group variation reached 97.93%. The Chinese chestnut samples could be divided into two groups: a northern and southern population, separated by the Yellow River; however, some samples from the southern population were genetically closer to samples from the northern population. We speculate that this might be related to the migration of humans during the Han dynasty due to the frequent wars that took place during this period, which might have led to the introduction of chestnut to southern regions. Some samples from Shandong Province and Beijing City were outliers that did not cluster with their respective groups, and this might be caused by the special geographical, political, and economic significance of these two regions. The findings of our study showed the complex genetic relationships among Chinese chestnut landraces and the high genetic diversity of these resources. MDPI 2022-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9781913/ /pubmed/36559637 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243524 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jiang, Xibing
Fang, Zhou
Lai, Junsheng
Wu, Qiang
Wu, Jian
Gong, Bangchu
Wang, Yanpeng
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title_full Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title_fullStr Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title_short Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) Cultivars Revealed by GBS Resequencing
title_sort genetic diversity and population structure of chinese chestnut (castanea mollissima blume) cultivars revealed by gbs resequencing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559637
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243524
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