Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp Causing Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Severe Anemia in a Dog

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The current paper reports a rare case of gastric hyperplastic polyp in a dog with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, resulting in severe anemia. Gastric hyperplastic polyps are generally benign and found incidentally during endoscopic examination, or necropsy. Although they are asymptomatic, depending on their size or location, they can sometimes result in clinical signs including chronic occult blood loss, abdominal pain, or gastric tract obstruction. In human medicine, gastric hyperplastic polyps causing acute blood loss anemia have rarely been reported. However, there is no such case reported in veterinary medicine so far. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a gastric hyperplastic polyp that caused severe anemia because of acute blood loss in a dog. ABSTRACT: An 11-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu was referred for lethargy and melena. The hematocrit level was 18.8% (normal range: 36–56%), indicating severe anemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a round-to-oval-shaped mass in the stomach. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an intraluminal mass (17 × 12 × 15 mm) cranial to the pyloric antrum. After obtaining informed consent from the owner, exploratory laparotomy and subsequent gastrostomy were performed, showing an ulcerated mass potentially responsible for the severe anemia. A lump of hair was firmly attached to the ulcerated surface of the mass. After complete removal of the mass, the anemia resolved spontaneously. Histological examination revealed that the mass was a gastric hyperplastic polyp. At the 6-month follow-up, the dog was healthy with a normal hematocrit level. Gastric hyperplastic polyps are tumor-like lesions arising from the mucosal surface of the stomach, and projecting into the lumen. They can appear in any part of the stomach, and are usually found incidentally during gastric endoscopy or necropsy. The clinical signs include chronic occult blood loss, abdominal pain, and gastric tract obstruction. Gastric polyps causing acute blood loss anemia have rarely been reported in human medicine. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a gastric hyperplastic polyp that caused severe anemia because of acute blood loss in a dog.