Activity-Based Sensing for Chemistry-Enabled Biology: Illuminating Principles, Probes, and Prospects for Boronate Reagents for Studying Hydrogen Peroxide

[Image: see text] Activity-based sensing (ABS) offers a general approach that exploits chemical reactivity as a method for selective detection and manipulation of biological analytes. Here, we illustrate the value of this chemical platform to enable new biological discovery through a case study in the design and application of ABS reagents for studying hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a major type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulates a diverse array of vital cellular signaling processes to sustain life. Specifically, we summarize advances in the use of activity-based boronate probes for the detection of H(2)O(2) featuring high molecular selectivity over other ROS, with an emphasis on tailoring designs in chemical structure to promote new biological principles of redox signaling.