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Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)

Elderflower preparations have long been used to treat colds and flu, but their use is undeservedly reduced, and only dried flower teas, less often ethanolic extracts, can be purchased in pharmacies. In the case of homemade teas, the medicinal plant material is extracted with hot water for a relative...

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Autores principales: Laurutis, Aurelijus, Liobikas, Julius, Stanciauskaite, Monika, Marksa, Mindaugas, Ramanauskiene, Kristina, Majiene, Daiva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559324
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122831
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author Laurutis, Aurelijus
Liobikas, Julius
Stanciauskaite, Monika
Marksa, Mindaugas
Ramanauskiene, Kristina
Majiene, Daiva
author_facet Laurutis, Aurelijus
Liobikas, Julius
Stanciauskaite, Monika
Marksa, Mindaugas
Ramanauskiene, Kristina
Majiene, Daiva
author_sort Laurutis, Aurelijus
collection PubMed
description Elderflower preparations have long been used to treat colds and flu, but their use is undeservedly reduced, and only dried flower teas, less often ethanolic extracts, can be purchased in pharmacies. In the case of homemade teas, the medicinal plant material is extracted with hot water for a relatively short time, thus only a small part of the active substances is extracted. The industrially produced ethanolic extract is rich in active substances, but its use is limited since ethanol in many countries is undesirable and unsuitable for children and geriatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to produce extracts from elder flowers using water as extractant and a mixture of water + polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20%, to compare their chemical composition and stability, and to study the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to sustain the viability of C6 glial cells under oxidative stress conditions. The ethanolic extract was used as a standard. Thus, the extract with PEG contained more than two times higher amount of total phenolics (PC) than the aqueous one, and the stability at 6–8 °C was comparable to the stability of ethanolic extract. All three extracts showed an antioxidant effect in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. However, only the PEG containing extract (at 20–40 µg/mL PC) was the most effective in reducing the intracellular level of ROS and sustaining the viability of glial cells. The results suggest that the co-solvent PEG increases the yield of phenolics in the extract, prolongs the stability, and enhances positive biological effects.
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spelling pubmed-97831922022-12-24 Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.) Laurutis, Aurelijus Liobikas, Julius Stanciauskaite, Monika Marksa, Mindaugas Ramanauskiene, Kristina Majiene, Daiva Pharmaceutics Article Elderflower preparations have long been used to treat colds and flu, but their use is undeservedly reduced, and only dried flower teas, less often ethanolic extracts, can be purchased in pharmacies. In the case of homemade teas, the medicinal plant material is extracted with hot water for a relatively short time, thus only a small part of the active substances is extracted. The industrially produced ethanolic extract is rich in active substances, but its use is limited since ethanol in many countries is undesirable and unsuitable for children and geriatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to produce extracts from elder flowers using water as extractant and a mixture of water + polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20%, to compare their chemical composition and stability, and to study the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to sustain the viability of C6 glial cells under oxidative stress conditions. The ethanolic extract was used as a standard. Thus, the extract with PEG contained more than two times higher amount of total phenolics (PC) than the aqueous one, and the stability at 6–8 °C was comparable to the stability of ethanolic extract. All three extracts showed an antioxidant effect in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. However, only the PEG containing extract (at 20–40 µg/mL PC) was the most effective in reducing the intracellular level of ROS and sustaining the viability of glial cells. The results suggest that the co-solvent PEG increases the yield of phenolics in the extract, prolongs the stability, and enhances positive biological effects. MDPI 2022-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9783192/ /pubmed/36559324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122831 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Laurutis, Aurelijus
Liobikas, Julius
Stanciauskaite, Monika
Marksa, Mindaugas
Ramanauskiene, Kristina
Majiene, Daiva
Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title_full Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title_fullStr Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title_short Comparison of the Formulation, Stability and Biological Effects of Hydrophilic Extracts from Black Elder Flowers (Sambucus nigra L.)
title_sort comparison of the formulation, stability and biological effects of hydrophilic extracts from black elder flowers (sambucus nigra l.)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559324
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122831
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