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Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits

Inflammation is an organism’s response to chemical or physical injury. It is split into acute and chronic inflammation and is the last, most significant cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest threat to human health is chronic disease. World...

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Autores principales: Rocha, Djenisa H. A., Pinto, Diana C. G. A., Silva, Artur M. S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120789
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author Rocha, Djenisa H. A.
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Silva, Artur M. S.
author_facet Rocha, Djenisa H. A.
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Silva, Artur M. S.
author_sort Rocha, Djenisa H. A.
collection PubMed
description Inflammation is an organism’s response to chemical or physical injury. It is split into acute and chronic inflammation and is the last, most significant cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest threat to human health is chronic disease. Worldwide, three out of five people die from chronic inflammatory diseases such as stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, anti-inflammatory drugs (steroidal and non-steroidal, enzyme inhibitors that are essential in the inflammatory process, and receptor antagonists, among others) have been considered as promising treatments to be explored. However, there remains a significant proportion of patients who show poor or incomplete responses to these treatments or experience associated severe side effects. Seaweeds represent a valuable resource of bioactive compounds associated with anti-inflammatory effects and offer great potential for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. This review presents an overview of specialized metabolites isolated from seaweeds with in situ and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. Phlorotannins, carotenoids, sterols, alkaloids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids present significant anti-inflammatory effects given that some of them are involved directly or indirectly in several inflammatory pathways. The majority of the isolated compounds inhibit the pro-inflammatory mediators/cytokines. Studies have suggested an excellent selectivity of chromene nucleus towards inducible pro-inflammatory COX-2 than its constitutive isoform COX-1. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of seaweed’s compounds in inflammation, given the production of sustainable and healthier anti-inflammatory agents.
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spelling pubmed-97833072022-12-24 Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits Rocha, Djenisa H. A. Pinto, Diana C. G. A. Silva, Artur M. S. Mar Drugs Review Inflammation is an organism’s response to chemical or physical injury. It is split into acute and chronic inflammation and is the last, most significant cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest threat to human health is chronic disease. Worldwide, three out of five people die from chronic inflammatory diseases such as stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, anti-inflammatory drugs (steroidal and non-steroidal, enzyme inhibitors that are essential in the inflammatory process, and receptor antagonists, among others) have been considered as promising treatments to be explored. However, there remains a significant proportion of patients who show poor or incomplete responses to these treatments or experience associated severe side effects. Seaweeds represent a valuable resource of bioactive compounds associated with anti-inflammatory effects and offer great potential for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. This review presents an overview of specialized metabolites isolated from seaweeds with in situ and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. Phlorotannins, carotenoids, sterols, alkaloids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids present significant anti-inflammatory effects given that some of them are involved directly or indirectly in several inflammatory pathways. The majority of the isolated compounds inhibit the pro-inflammatory mediators/cytokines. Studies have suggested an excellent selectivity of chromene nucleus towards inducible pro-inflammatory COX-2 than its constitutive isoform COX-1. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of seaweed’s compounds in inflammation, given the production of sustainable and healthier anti-inflammatory agents. MDPI 2022-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9783307/ /pubmed/36547936 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120789 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rocha, Djenisa H. A.
Pinto, Diana C. G. A.
Silva, Artur M. S.
Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title_full Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title_fullStr Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title_full_unstemmed Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title_short Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits
title_sort macroalgae specialized metabolites: evidence for their anti-inflammatory health benefits
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120789
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