Correlations between Endoscopic and Histopathological Assessment of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Pathology—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects about half of the world’s population and can lead to premalignant lesions and gastric cancer. Updated data about the correlation of histopathological diagnostics with endoscopic diagnostics are scarce. The objective of this study was to identify the concordance between endoscopic and histopathologic findings, with a focus on premalignant lesions. We performed a cross sectional, retrospective study over a 4-year period (2017–2021) on adult patients with dyspeptic symptoms and positive RUT (rapid urease test) in a single hospital centre, with a total of 133 patients infected with H. pylori being included in the study. Statistical associations between endoscopic appearance and histopathological results were found for atrophic antral gastritis (p = 0.001), intestinal metaplasia of the antrum (p = 0.018), gastric polyps (p < 0.001) and gastric corpus cancer (p = 0.012). Females were more likely to be diagnosed through endoscopy with gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia (p = 0.031), while chronic atrophic gastritis in corpus was more prevalent in patients older than 65 (p = 0.024). Overall, our study reveals only 21% concordance between Giemsa stain and RUT, highlighting the importance of combining rapid testing with endoscopic and histopathological diagnostic methods for a more accurate early diagnosis and prevention of gastric cancer.