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Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments

Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus, the button mushroom, has a predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle. Most of its spores are heterokaryotic and give rise to fertile heterokaryons. However, previous studies have suggested that outcrossing should not be rare in wild populations. In order to discover...

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Autores principales: Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh, Barroso, Gérard, Savoie, Jean-Michel, Callac, Philippe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547611
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8121278
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author Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh
Barroso, Gérard
Savoie, Jean-Michel
Callac, Philippe
author_facet Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh
Barroso, Gérard
Savoie, Jean-Michel
Callac, Philippe
author_sort Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh
collection PubMed
description Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus, the button mushroom, has a predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle. Most of its spores are heterokaryotic and give rise to fertile heterokaryons. However, previous studies have suggested that outcrossing should not be rare in wild populations. In order to discover how outcrossing occurs, we experimentally favored it between aerial propagules of a fruiting donor mycelium and a delayed receiver mycelium that only invaded culture trays. Two donor/receiver pairs were studied, and potentially hybrid basidiomata collected on the receiver trays were analyzed with a mitochondrial marker, two unlinked nuclear CAPS markers, then haplotype markers based on DNA sequences obtained after PCR cloning of the rDNA ITS region and the fruk gene. For one of the two pairs, most basidiomata were hybrids between the donor and the receiver. Genotyping of the hybrids revealed only two genotypes consistent with outcrossing involving airborne mycelium fragments rather than basidiospores. The resident receiver heterokaryon that provided its mitochondria to the hybrid basidiomata is suspected to have had a trophic contribution to their growth and successful fruiting. The high level of heterozygosity and the cultivar introgression previously revealed in wild populations of this pseudohomothallic species may result from outcrossing involving airborne pieces of mycelium.
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spelling pubmed-97837822022-12-24 Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh Barroso, Gérard Savoie, Jean-Michel Callac, Philippe J Fungi (Basel) Article Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus, the button mushroom, has a predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle. Most of its spores are heterokaryotic and give rise to fertile heterokaryons. However, previous studies have suggested that outcrossing should not be rare in wild populations. In order to discover how outcrossing occurs, we experimentally favored it between aerial propagules of a fruiting donor mycelium and a delayed receiver mycelium that only invaded culture trays. Two donor/receiver pairs were studied, and potentially hybrid basidiomata collected on the receiver trays were analyzed with a mitochondrial marker, two unlinked nuclear CAPS markers, then haplotype markers based on DNA sequences obtained after PCR cloning of the rDNA ITS region and the fruk gene. For one of the two pairs, most basidiomata were hybrids between the donor and the receiver. Genotyping of the hybrids revealed only two genotypes consistent with outcrossing involving airborne mycelium fragments rather than basidiospores. The resident receiver heterokaryon that provided its mitochondria to the hybrid basidiomata is suspected to have had a trophic contribution to their growth and successful fruiting. The high level of heterozygosity and the cultivar introgression previously revealed in wild populations of this pseudohomothallic species may result from outcrossing involving airborne pieces of mycelium. MDPI 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9783782/ /pubmed/36547611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8121278 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jalalzadeh, Banafsheh
Barroso, Gérard
Savoie, Jean-Michel
Callac, Philippe
Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title_full Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title_fullStr Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title_short Experimental Outcrossing in Agaricus bisporus Revealed a Major and Unexpected Involvement of Airborne Mycelium Fragments
title_sort experimental outcrossing in agaricus bisporus revealed a major and unexpected involvement of airborne mycelium fragments
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9783782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547611
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8121278
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