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Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism
Background: The annual mortality of patients with untreated chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is approximately 50% unless a timely diagnosis is followed by adequate treatment. In pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors with functional limitation, the diagnostic work-up starts with ech...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247369 |
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author | Dzikowska-Diduch, Olga Kurnicka, Katarzyna Lichodziejewska, Barbara Dudzik-Niewiadomska, Iwona Machowski, Michał Roik, Marek Wiśniewska, Małgorzata Siwiec, Jan Staniszewska, Izabela Magdalena Pruszczyk, Piotr |
author_facet | Dzikowska-Diduch, Olga Kurnicka, Katarzyna Lichodziejewska, Barbara Dudzik-Niewiadomska, Iwona Machowski, Michał Roik, Marek Wiśniewska, Małgorzata Siwiec, Jan Staniszewska, Izabela Magdalena Pruszczyk, Piotr |
author_sort | Dzikowska-Diduch, Olga |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The annual mortality of patients with untreated chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is approximately 50% unless a timely diagnosis is followed by adequate treatment. In pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors with functional limitation, the diagnostic work-up starts with echocardiography. It is followed by lung scintigraphy and right heart catheterization. However, noninvasive tests providing diagnostic clues to CTEPH, or ascertaining this diagnosis as very unlikely, would be extremely useful since the majority of post PE functional limitations are caused by deconditioning. Methods: Patients after acute PE underwent a structured clinical evaluation with electrocardiogram, routine laboratory tests including NT-proBNP and echocardiography. The aim of this study was to verify whether the parameters from echocardiographic or perhaps electrocardiographic examination and NT-proBNP concentration best determine the risk of CTEPH. Results: Out of the total number of patients (n = 261, male n = 123) after PE who were included in the study, in the group of 155 patients (59.4%) with reported functional impairment, 13 patients (8.4%) had CTEPH and 7 PE survivors had chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) (4.5%). Echo parameters differed significantly between CTEPH/CTEPD cases and other symptomatic PE survivors. Patients with CTEPH/CTEPD also had higher levels of NT-proBNP (p = 0.022) but concentration of NT-proBNP above 125 pg/mL did not differentiate patients with CTEPH/CTEPD (p > 0.05). Additionally, the proportion of patients with right bundle brunch block registered in ECG was higher in the CTEPH/CTED group (23.5% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.034) but there were no differences between the other ECG characteristics of right ventricle overload. Conclusions: Screening for CTEPH/CTEPD should be performed in patients with reduced exercise tolerance compared to the pre PE period. It is not effective in asymptomatic PE survivors. Patients with CTEPH/CTED predominantly had abnormalities indicating chronic thromboembolism in the echocardiographic assessment. NT-proBNP and electrocardiographic characteristics of right ventricle overload proved to be insufficient in predicting CTEPH/CTEPD development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9784264 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97842642022-12-24 Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism Dzikowska-Diduch, Olga Kurnicka, Katarzyna Lichodziejewska, Barbara Dudzik-Niewiadomska, Iwona Machowski, Michał Roik, Marek Wiśniewska, Małgorzata Siwiec, Jan Staniszewska, Izabela Magdalena Pruszczyk, Piotr J Clin Med Article Background: The annual mortality of patients with untreated chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is approximately 50% unless a timely diagnosis is followed by adequate treatment. In pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors with functional limitation, the diagnostic work-up starts with echocardiography. It is followed by lung scintigraphy and right heart catheterization. However, noninvasive tests providing diagnostic clues to CTEPH, or ascertaining this diagnosis as very unlikely, would be extremely useful since the majority of post PE functional limitations are caused by deconditioning. Methods: Patients after acute PE underwent a structured clinical evaluation with electrocardiogram, routine laboratory tests including NT-proBNP and echocardiography. The aim of this study was to verify whether the parameters from echocardiographic or perhaps electrocardiographic examination and NT-proBNP concentration best determine the risk of CTEPH. Results: Out of the total number of patients (n = 261, male n = 123) after PE who were included in the study, in the group of 155 patients (59.4%) with reported functional impairment, 13 patients (8.4%) had CTEPH and 7 PE survivors had chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) (4.5%). Echo parameters differed significantly between CTEPH/CTEPD cases and other symptomatic PE survivors. Patients with CTEPH/CTEPD also had higher levels of NT-proBNP (p = 0.022) but concentration of NT-proBNP above 125 pg/mL did not differentiate patients with CTEPH/CTEPD (p > 0.05). Additionally, the proportion of patients with right bundle brunch block registered in ECG was higher in the CTEPH/CTED group (23.5% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.034) but there were no differences between the other ECG characteristics of right ventricle overload. Conclusions: Screening for CTEPH/CTEPD should be performed in patients with reduced exercise tolerance compared to the pre PE period. It is not effective in asymptomatic PE survivors. Patients with CTEPH/CTED predominantly had abnormalities indicating chronic thromboembolism in the echocardiographic assessment. NT-proBNP and electrocardiographic characteristics of right ventricle overload proved to be insufficient in predicting CTEPH/CTEPD development. MDPI 2022-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9784264/ /pubmed/36555985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247369 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dzikowska-Diduch, Olga Kurnicka, Katarzyna Lichodziejewska, Barbara Dudzik-Niewiadomska, Iwona Machowski, Michał Roik, Marek Wiśniewska, Małgorzata Siwiec, Jan Staniszewska, Izabela Magdalena Pruszczyk, Piotr Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title | Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title_full | Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title_fullStr | Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title_short | Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram and NT-proBNP in Screening for Thromboembolism Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients after Pulmonary Embolism |
title_sort | electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and nt-probnp in screening for thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension in patients after pulmonary embolism |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247369 |
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