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High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds
Ante-mortem bovine tuberculosis (bTB) tests for buffaloes include the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 release assay (IPRA). Although parallel test interpretation increases the detection of Mycobacter...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121393 |
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author | Clarke, Charlene Bernitz, Netanya Goosen, Wynand J. Miller, Michele A. |
author_facet | Clarke, Charlene Bernitz, Netanya Goosen, Wynand J. Miller, Michele A. |
author_sort | Clarke, Charlene |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ante-mortem bovine tuberculosis (bTB) tests for buffaloes include the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 release assay (IPRA). Although parallel test interpretation increases the detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis)-infected buffaloes, these algorithms may not be suitable for screening buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In this study, the specificities of three assays were determined using M. bovis-unexposed herds, historically negative, and a high-specificity diagnostic algorithm was developed. Serial test interpretation (positive on both) using the IGRA and IPRA showed significantly greater specificity (98.3%) than individual (90.4% and 80.9%, respectively) tests or parallel testing (73%). When the SCITT was added, the algorithm had 100% specificity. Since the cytokine assays had imperfect specificity, potential cross-reactivity with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) was investigated. No association was found between NTM presence (in oronasal swab cultures) and positive cytokine assay results. As a proof-of-principle, serial testing was applied to buffaloes (n = 153) in a historically bTB-free herd. Buffaloes positive on a single test (n = 28) were regarded as test-negative. Four buffaloes were positive on IGRA and IPRA, and M. bovis infection was confirmed by culture. These results demonstrate the value of using IGRA and IPRA in series to screen buffalo herds with no previous history of M. bovis infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9784303 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97843032022-12-24 High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds Clarke, Charlene Bernitz, Netanya Goosen, Wynand J. Miller, Michele A. Pathogens Article Ante-mortem bovine tuberculosis (bTB) tests for buffaloes include the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 release assay (IPRA). Although parallel test interpretation increases the detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis)-infected buffaloes, these algorithms may not be suitable for screening buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In this study, the specificities of three assays were determined using M. bovis-unexposed herds, historically negative, and a high-specificity diagnostic algorithm was developed. Serial test interpretation (positive on both) using the IGRA and IPRA showed significantly greater specificity (98.3%) than individual (90.4% and 80.9%, respectively) tests or parallel testing (73%). When the SCITT was added, the algorithm had 100% specificity. Since the cytokine assays had imperfect specificity, potential cross-reactivity with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) was investigated. No association was found between NTM presence (in oronasal swab cultures) and positive cytokine assay results. As a proof-of-principle, serial testing was applied to buffaloes (n = 153) in a historically bTB-free herd. Buffaloes positive on a single test (n = 28) were regarded as test-negative. Four buffaloes were positive on IGRA and IPRA, and M. bovis infection was confirmed by culture. These results demonstrate the value of using IGRA and IPRA in series to screen buffalo herds with no previous history of M. bovis infection. MDPI 2022-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9784303/ /pubmed/36558727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121393 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Clarke, Charlene Bernitz, Netanya Goosen, Wynand J. Miller, Michele A. High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title | High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title_full | High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title_fullStr | High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title_full_unstemmed | High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title_short | High-Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds |
title_sort | high-specificity test algorithm for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) herds |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121393 |
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