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Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment

The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous microorganism naturally present in water environments. The actual presence of this opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen in recreational swimming pools and hot tubs in the northwestern part of Croatia has not been investigated. This study aimed...

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Autores principales: Vukić Lušić, Darija, Piškur, Vanda, Cenov, Arijana, Tomić Linšak, Dijana, Broznić, Dalibor, Glad, Marin, Linšak, Željko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122429
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author Vukić Lušić, Darija
Piškur, Vanda
Cenov, Arijana
Tomić Linšak, Dijana
Broznić, Dalibor
Glad, Marin
Linšak, Željko
author_facet Vukić Lušić, Darija
Piškur, Vanda
Cenov, Arijana
Tomić Linšak, Dijana
Broznić, Dalibor
Glad, Marin
Linšak, Željko
author_sort Vukić Lušić, Darija
collection PubMed
description The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous microorganism naturally present in water environments. The actual presence of this opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen in recreational swimming pools and hot tubs in the northwestern part of Croatia has not been investigated. This study aimed to analyze the presence of the opportunistic pathogen L. pneumophila in public swimming pool water in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (N = 4587) over a four-year period (2018–2021). Additionally, the second aim was to investigate the connection between the presence of L. pneumophila and pool water physicochemical parameters using mathematical predictive models. The presence of L. pneumophila was detected in six pool samples. Five positive samples were found in the water of indoor hot tubs filled with fresh water, and one positive sample in an outdoor recreational saltwater pool. A predictive mathematical model showed the simultaneous influence of chemical parameters dominated by the temperature in saltwater and freshwater pools, as well as the significant influence of free residual chlorine and trihalomethanes. Our results pointed out that keeping all physicochemical parameters in perfect harmony is necessary to reach the best disinfection procedure and to avoid the optimum conditions for L. pneumophila occurrence.
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spelling pubmed-97844262022-12-24 Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment Vukić Lušić, Darija Piškur, Vanda Cenov, Arijana Tomić Linšak, Dijana Broznić, Dalibor Glad, Marin Linšak, Željko Microorganisms Article The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous microorganism naturally present in water environments. The actual presence of this opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen in recreational swimming pools and hot tubs in the northwestern part of Croatia has not been investigated. This study aimed to analyze the presence of the opportunistic pathogen L. pneumophila in public swimming pool water in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (N = 4587) over a four-year period (2018–2021). Additionally, the second aim was to investigate the connection between the presence of L. pneumophila and pool water physicochemical parameters using mathematical predictive models. The presence of L. pneumophila was detected in six pool samples. Five positive samples were found in the water of indoor hot tubs filled with fresh water, and one positive sample in an outdoor recreational saltwater pool. A predictive mathematical model showed the simultaneous influence of chemical parameters dominated by the temperature in saltwater and freshwater pools, as well as the significant influence of free residual chlorine and trihalomethanes. Our results pointed out that keeping all physicochemical parameters in perfect harmony is necessary to reach the best disinfection procedure and to avoid the optimum conditions for L. pneumophila occurrence. MDPI 2022-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9784426/ /pubmed/36557683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122429 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vukić Lušić, Darija
Piškur, Vanda
Cenov, Arijana
Tomić Linšak, Dijana
Broznić, Dalibor
Glad, Marin
Linšak, Željko
Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title_full Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title_fullStr Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title_full_unstemmed Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title_short Surveillance of Legionella pneumophila: Detection in Public Swimming Pool Environment
title_sort surveillance of legionella pneumophila: detection in public swimming pool environment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122429
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