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Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study
This study investigates the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the training factors possibly associated with them in a sample of young Italian competitive swimmers. A questionnaire about training information and symptoms was administered to participants during the winter and summer 2021 training...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120759 |
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author | Zaccarin, Matteo Zanni, Stefano Gallè, Francesca Protano, Carmela Valeriani, Federica Liguori, Giorgio Romano Spica, Vincenzo Vitali, Matteo |
author_facet | Zaccarin, Matteo Zanni, Stefano Gallè, Francesca Protano, Carmela Valeriani, Federica Liguori, Giorgio Romano Spica, Vincenzo Vitali, Matteo |
author_sort | Zaccarin, Matteo |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigates the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the training factors possibly associated with them in a sample of young Italian competitive swimmers. A questionnaire about training information and symptoms was administered to participants during the winter and summer 2021 training seasons. In total, 396 athletes took part in the study. In the winter training subgroup (n = 197), we found significant associations between increasing training hours per session and the presence of nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea (OR = 3.10; p = 0.039) and cough (OR = 3.48; p = 0.015). Total training hours per week were significantly associated with nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea (OR = 1.12; p = 0.010). In the summer group (n = 199), the same factors were not associated with respiratory symptoms. Having an allergy was significantly related to nasal congestion/rhinorrhea in both the logistic models (model 1 OR = 2.69, p = 0.013; model 2 OR = 2.70, p = 0.012), while having asthma significantly increased the risk of coughing (OR = 3.24, p = 0.033). The kind of environment (indoor or outdoor facilities) did not affect the studied symptoms either in summer or winter. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of respiratory symptoms in swimmers, particularly on how inflammation and remodelling develop and which environmental conditions can favour these processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9784475 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97844752022-12-24 Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study Zaccarin, Matteo Zanni, Stefano Gallè, Francesca Protano, Carmela Valeriani, Federica Liguori, Giorgio Romano Spica, Vincenzo Vitali, Matteo Toxics Article This study investigates the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the training factors possibly associated with them in a sample of young Italian competitive swimmers. A questionnaire about training information and symptoms was administered to participants during the winter and summer 2021 training seasons. In total, 396 athletes took part in the study. In the winter training subgroup (n = 197), we found significant associations between increasing training hours per session and the presence of nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea (OR = 3.10; p = 0.039) and cough (OR = 3.48; p = 0.015). Total training hours per week were significantly associated with nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea (OR = 1.12; p = 0.010). In the summer group (n = 199), the same factors were not associated with respiratory symptoms. Having an allergy was significantly related to nasal congestion/rhinorrhea in both the logistic models (model 1 OR = 2.69, p = 0.013; model 2 OR = 2.70, p = 0.012), while having asthma significantly increased the risk of coughing (OR = 3.24, p = 0.033). The kind of environment (indoor or outdoor facilities) did not affect the studied symptoms either in summer or winter. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of respiratory symptoms in swimmers, particularly on how inflammation and remodelling develop and which environmental conditions can favour these processes. MDPI 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9784475/ /pubmed/36548592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120759 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zaccarin, Matteo Zanni, Stefano Gallè, Francesca Protano, Carmela Valeriani, Federica Liguori, Giorgio Romano Spica, Vincenzo Vitali, Matteo Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title | Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title_full | Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title_fullStr | Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title_short | Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study |
title_sort | studying respiratory symptoms related to swimming pools attendance in young athletes: the sphera study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120759 |
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