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Viral Coinfections
In nature, viral coinfection is as widespread as viral infection alone. Viral coinfections often cause altered viral pathogenicity, disrupted host defense, and mixed-up clinical symptoms, all of which result in more difficult diagnosis and treatment of a disease. There are three major virus–virus in...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36560647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122645 |
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author | Du, Yanting Wang, Chen Zhang, Ying |
author_facet | Du, Yanting Wang, Chen Zhang, Ying |
author_sort | Du, Yanting |
collection | PubMed |
description | In nature, viral coinfection is as widespread as viral infection alone. Viral coinfections often cause altered viral pathogenicity, disrupted host defense, and mixed-up clinical symptoms, all of which result in more difficult diagnosis and treatment of a disease. There are three major virus–virus interactions in coinfection cases: viral interference, viral synergy, and viral noninterference. We analyzed virus–virus interactions in both aspects of viruses and hosts and elucidated their possible mechanisms. Finally, we summarized the protocol of viral coinfection studies and key points in the process of virus separation and purification. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9784482 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97844822022-12-24 Viral Coinfections Du, Yanting Wang, Chen Zhang, Ying Viruses Review In nature, viral coinfection is as widespread as viral infection alone. Viral coinfections often cause altered viral pathogenicity, disrupted host defense, and mixed-up clinical symptoms, all of which result in more difficult diagnosis and treatment of a disease. There are three major virus–virus interactions in coinfection cases: viral interference, viral synergy, and viral noninterference. We analyzed virus–virus interactions in both aspects of viruses and hosts and elucidated their possible mechanisms. Finally, we summarized the protocol of viral coinfection studies and key points in the process of virus separation and purification. MDPI 2022-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9784482/ /pubmed/36560647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122645 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Du, Yanting Wang, Chen Zhang, Ying Viral Coinfections |
title | Viral Coinfections |
title_full | Viral Coinfections |
title_fullStr | Viral Coinfections |
title_full_unstemmed | Viral Coinfections |
title_short | Viral Coinfections |
title_sort | viral coinfections |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36560647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122645 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT duyanting viralcoinfections AT wangchen viralcoinfections AT zhangying viralcoinfections |