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Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020
This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 3,464 human plague cases and the distribution pattern of 4,968 Yersinia pestis isolates from humans, hosts, and vector insects from 1950 to 2020 among two natural plague foci in Yunnan Province, China. These foci include the Rattus flavipect...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01662-22 |
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author | Han, Haonan Liang, Yun Song, Zhizhong He, Zhaokai Duan, Ran Chen, Yuhuang Gao, Zihou Qin, Shuai Liang, Junrong Tang, Deming lv, Dongyue Zhang, Peng Zhang, Dan Jing, Huaiqi Wang, Xin |
author_facet | Han, Haonan Liang, Yun Song, Zhizhong He, Zhaokai Duan, Ran Chen, Yuhuang Gao, Zihou Qin, Shuai Liang, Junrong Tang, Deming lv, Dongyue Zhang, Peng Zhang, Dan Jing, Huaiqi Wang, Xin |
author_sort | Han, Haonan |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 3,464 human plague cases and the distribution pattern of 4,968 Yersinia pestis isolates from humans, hosts, and vector insects from 1950 to 2020 among two natural plague foci in Yunnan Province, China. These foci include the Rattus flavipectus plague focus of the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Fujian provinces and the Apodemus chevrieri-Eothenomys miletus plague focus of the highlands of northwestern Yunnan Province. The case fatality rate for plague in humans was 18.39% (637/3,464), and the total isolation rate of Y. pestis was 0.17% (4,968/2,975,288). Despite that the frequency of human cases declined rapidly, the animal plague fluctuated greatly, alternating between activity and inactivity in these foci. The tendency among human cases can be divided into 4 stages, 1950 to 1955, 1956 to 1989, 1990 to 2005, and 2006 to 2020. Bubonic plague accounted for the majority of cases in Yunnan, where pneumonic and septicemic plague rarely occurred. The natural plague foci have been in a relatively active state due to the stability of local ecology. Dense human population and frequent contact with host animals contribute to the high risk of human infection. This study systematically analyzed the epidemic pattern of human plague and the distribution characteristics of Y. pestis in the natural plague foci in Yunnan, providing a scientific basis for further development and adjustment of plague prevention and control strategies. IMPORTANCE Yunnan is the origin of the third plague pandemic. The analysis of human and animal plague characteristics of plague foci in Yunnan enlightens the prevention and control of the next plague pandemics. The plague characteristics of Yunnan show that human plague occurred when animal plague reached a certain scale, and strengthened surveillance of animal plague and reducing the density of host animals and transmission vectors contribute to the prevention and control of human plague outbreaks. The phenomenon of alternation between the resting period and active period of plague foci in Yunnan further proves the endogenous preservation mechanism of plague. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9784778 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97847782022-12-24 Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 Han, Haonan Liang, Yun Song, Zhizhong He, Zhaokai Duan, Ran Chen, Yuhuang Gao, Zihou Qin, Shuai Liang, Junrong Tang, Deming lv, Dongyue Zhang, Peng Zhang, Dan Jing, Huaiqi Wang, Xin Microbiol Spectr Research Article This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 3,464 human plague cases and the distribution pattern of 4,968 Yersinia pestis isolates from humans, hosts, and vector insects from 1950 to 2020 among two natural plague foci in Yunnan Province, China. These foci include the Rattus flavipectus plague focus of the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Fujian provinces and the Apodemus chevrieri-Eothenomys miletus plague focus of the highlands of northwestern Yunnan Province. The case fatality rate for plague in humans was 18.39% (637/3,464), and the total isolation rate of Y. pestis was 0.17% (4,968/2,975,288). Despite that the frequency of human cases declined rapidly, the animal plague fluctuated greatly, alternating between activity and inactivity in these foci. The tendency among human cases can be divided into 4 stages, 1950 to 1955, 1956 to 1989, 1990 to 2005, and 2006 to 2020. Bubonic plague accounted for the majority of cases in Yunnan, where pneumonic and septicemic plague rarely occurred. The natural plague foci have been in a relatively active state due to the stability of local ecology. Dense human population and frequent contact with host animals contribute to the high risk of human infection. This study systematically analyzed the epidemic pattern of human plague and the distribution characteristics of Y. pestis in the natural plague foci in Yunnan, providing a scientific basis for further development and adjustment of plague prevention and control strategies. IMPORTANCE Yunnan is the origin of the third plague pandemic. The analysis of human and animal plague characteristics of plague foci in Yunnan enlightens the prevention and control of the next plague pandemics. The plague characteristics of Yunnan show that human plague occurred when animal plague reached a certain scale, and strengthened surveillance of animal plague and reducing the density of host animals and transmission vectors contribute to the prevention and control of human plague outbreaks. The phenomenon of alternation between the resting period and active period of plague foci in Yunnan further proves the endogenous preservation mechanism of plague. American Society for Microbiology 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9784778/ /pubmed/36219109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01662-22 Text en Copyright © 2022 Han et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Han, Haonan Liang, Yun Song, Zhizhong He, Zhaokai Duan, Ran Chen, Yuhuang Gao, Zihou Qin, Shuai Liang, Junrong Tang, Deming lv, Dongyue Zhang, Peng Zhang, Dan Jing, Huaiqi Wang, Xin Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title | Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title_full | Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title_fullStr | Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title_short | Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020 |
title_sort | epidemiological characteristics of human and animal plague in yunnan province, china, 1950 to 2020 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9784778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01662-22 |
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