Cargando…
Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms
Jellyfish stings can result in local tissue damage and systemic pathophysiological sequelae. Despite constant occurrences of jellyfish stings in oceans throughout the world, the toxinological assessment of these jellyfish envenomations has not been adequately reported in quantitative as well as in q...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548728 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120831 |
_version_ | 1784858018143272960 |
---|---|
author | Hwang, Du Hyeon Koh, Phil-Ok Mohan Prakash, Ramachandran Loganathan Chae, Jinho Kang, Changkeun Kim, Euikyung |
author_facet | Hwang, Du Hyeon Koh, Phil-Ok Mohan Prakash, Ramachandran Loganathan Chae, Jinho Kang, Changkeun Kim, Euikyung |
author_sort | Hwang, Du Hyeon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Jellyfish stings can result in local tissue damage and systemic pathophysiological sequelae. Despite constant occurrences of jellyfish stings in oceans throughout the world, the toxinological assessment of these jellyfish envenomations has not been adequately reported in quantitative as well as in qualitative measurements. Herein, we have examined and compared the in vivo toxic effects and pathophysiologic alterations using experimental animal models for two representative stinging jellyfish classes, i.e., Cubozoa and Scyphozoa. For this study, mice were administered with venom extracts of either Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) or Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). From the intraperitoneal (IP) administration study, the median lethal doses leading to the deaths of mice 24 h post-treatment after (LD(50)) for C. brevipedalia venom (CbV) and N. nomurai venom (NnV) were 0.905 and 4.4697 mg/kg, respectively. The acute toxicity (i.e., lethality) of CbV was much higher with a significantly accelerated time to death value compared with those of NnV. The edematogenic activity induced by CbV was considerably (83.57/25 = 3.343-fold) greater than NnV. For the evaluation of their dermal toxicities, the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, and skeletal muscles were evaluated toxinologically/histopathologically following the intradermal administration of the venoms. The minimal hemorrhagic doses (MHD) of the venoms were found to be 55.6 and 83.4 μg/mouse for CbV and NnV, respectively. Furthermore, the CbV injection resulted in extensive alterations of mouse dermal tissues, including severe edema, and hemorrhagic/necrotic lesions, with the minimum necrotizing dose (MND) of 95.42 µg/kg body weight. The skin damaging effects of CbV appeared to be considerably greater, compared with those of NnV (MND = 177.99 µg/kg). The present results indicate that the toxicities and pathophysiologic effects of jellyfish venom extracts may vary from species to species. As predicted from the previous reports on these jellyfish envenomations, the crude venom extracts of C. brevipedalia exhibit much more potent toxicity than that of N. nomurai in the present study. These observations may contribute to our understanding of the toxicities of jellyfish venoms, as well as their mode of toxinological actions, which might be helpful for establishing the therapeutic strategies of jellyfish stings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9785312 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97853122022-12-24 Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms Hwang, Du Hyeon Koh, Phil-Ok Mohan Prakash, Ramachandran Loganathan Chae, Jinho Kang, Changkeun Kim, Euikyung Toxins (Basel) Article Jellyfish stings can result in local tissue damage and systemic pathophysiological sequelae. Despite constant occurrences of jellyfish stings in oceans throughout the world, the toxinological assessment of these jellyfish envenomations has not been adequately reported in quantitative as well as in qualitative measurements. Herein, we have examined and compared the in vivo toxic effects and pathophysiologic alterations using experimental animal models for two representative stinging jellyfish classes, i.e., Cubozoa and Scyphozoa. For this study, mice were administered with venom extracts of either Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) or Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). From the intraperitoneal (IP) administration study, the median lethal doses leading to the deaths of mice 24 h post-treatment after (LD(50)) for C. brevipedalia venom (CbV) and N. nomurai venom (NnV) were 0.905 and 4.4697 mg/kg, respectively. The acute toxicity (i.e., lethality) of CbV was much higher with a significantly accelerated time to death value compared with those of NnV. The edematogenic activity induced by CbV was considerably (83.57/25 = 3.343-fold) greater than NnV. For the evaluation of their dermal toxicities, the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, and skeletal muscles were evaluated toxinologically/histopathologically following the intradermal administration of the venoms. The minimal hemorrhagic doses (MHD) of the venoms were found to be 55.6 and 83.4 μg/mouse for CbV and NnV, respectively. Furthermore, the CbV injection resulted in extensive alterations of mouse dermal tissues, including severe edema, and hemorrhagic/necrotic lesions, with the minimum necrotizing dose (MND) of 95.42 µg/kg body weight. The skin damaging effects of CbV appeared to be considerably greater, compared with those of NnV (MND = 177.99 µg/kg). The present results indicate that the toxicities and pathophysiologic effects of jellyfish venom extracts may vary from species to species. As predicted from the previous reports on these jellyfish envenomations, the crude venom extracts of C. brevipedalia exhibit much more potent toxicity than that of N. nomurai in the present study. These observations may contribute to our understanding of the toxicities of jellyfish venoms, as well as their mode of toxinological actions, which might be helpful for establishing the therapeutic strategies of jellyfish stings. MDPI 2022-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9785312/ /pubmed/36548728 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120831 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hwang, Du Hyeon Koh, Phil-Ok Mohan Prakash, Ramachandran Loganathan Chae, Jinho Kang, Changkeun Kim, Euikyung Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title | Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title_full | Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title_fullStr | Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title_short | Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by Carybdea brevipedalia (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and Nemopilema nomurai (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms |
title_sort | comparative study of toxic effects and pathophysiology of envenomations induced by carybdea brevipedalia (cnidaria: cubozoa) and nemopilema nomurai (cnidaria: scyphozoa) jellyfish venoms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36548728 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120831 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hwangduhyeon comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms AT kohphilok comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms AT mohanprakashramachandranloganathan comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms AT chaejinho comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms AT kangchangkeun comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms AT kimeuikyung comparativestudyoftoxiceffectsandpathophysiologyofenvenomationsinducedbycarybdeabrevipedaliacnidariacubozoaandnemopilemanomuraicnidariascyphozoajellyfishvenoms |