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Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

The transmission of parrot bornavirus is still not fully understood. Although horizontal transmission through wounds can be one route, vertical transmission is still discussed. PaBV RNA and PaBV antigen were detected in psittacine embryos, but isolation of the virus failed, raising doubts about this...

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Autores principales: Link, Jessica, Herzog, Sibylle, Gartner, Anna Maria, Bücking, Bianca, König, Matthias, Lierz, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36560725
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122721
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author Link, Jessica
Herzog, Sibylle
Gartner, Anna Maria
Bücking, Bianca
König, Matthias
Lierz, Michael
author_facet Link, Jessica
Herzog, Sibylle
Gartner, Anna Maria
Bücking, Bianca
König, Matthias
Lierz, Michael
author_sort Link, Jessica
collection PubMed
description The transmission of parrot bornavirus is still not fully understood. Although horizontal transmission through wounds can be one route, vertical transmission is still discussed. PaBV RNA and PaBV antigen were detected in psittacine embryos, but isolation of the virus failed, raising doubts about this route. In this study, cockatiels were infected either as adults (adult group) or during the first 6 days after hatching (juvenile group) and raised until sexual maturity to breed and lay eggs. A total of 92 eggs (adult group: 49, juvenile group: 43) were laid and incubated until day 17. The embryos and yolk samples were examined by RT-PCR for PaBV RNA and by infectivity assay for infectious virus. In the adult group, 14/31 embryos (45.2%) and 20/39 (51%) of the yolk samples demonstrated PaBV RNA in the PCR. Isolation of PaBV was not possible in any embryo of this group, but it was achieved in six yolk samples from one female. Anti-PaBV antibodies were detected in the yolk samples after seroconversion of all female parents. In the juvenile group, 22/29 embryos (74.9%) were positive for PaBV RNA. In 9/21 embryos (42.9%), PaBV isolation was possible. PaBV RNA was detected in 100% and infectious virus in 41% of the yolk samples. Anti-PaBV antibodies were detected in all yolk samples. For the first time, successful vertical transmission of PaBV was proven, but it seems to depend on the age when the parent birds are infected. Therefore, the age of the bird at time of infection may be an important factor in the occurrence of vertical transmission.
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spelling pubmed-97854542022-12-24 Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) Link, Jessica Herzog, Sibylle Gartner, Anna Maria Bücking, Bianca König, Matthias Lierz, Michael Viruses Article The transmission of parrot bornavirus is still not fully understood. Although horizontal transmission through wounds can be one route, vertical transmission is still discussed. PaBV RNA and PaBV antigen were detected in psittacine embryos, but isolation of the virus failed, raising doubts about this route. In this study, cockatiels were infected either as adults (adult group) or during the first 6 days after hatching (juvenile group) and raised until sexual maturity to breed and lay eggs. A total of 92 eggs (adult group: 49, juvenile group: 43) were laid and incubated until day 17. The embryos and yolk samples were examined by RT-PCR for PaBV RNA and by infectivity assay for infectious virus. In the adult group, 14/31 embryos (45.2%) and 20/39 (51%) of the yolk samples demonstrated PaBV RNA in the PCR. Isolation of PaBV was not possible in any embryo of this group, but it was achieved in six yolk samples from one female. Anti-PaBV antibodies were detected in the yolk samples after seroconversion of all female parents. In the juvenile group, 22/29 embryos (74.9%) were positive for PaBV RNA. In 9/21 embryos (42.9%), PaBV isolation was possible. PaBV RNA was detected in 100% and infectious virus in 41% of the yolk samples. Anti-PaBV antibodies were detected in all yolk samples. For the first time, successful vertical transmission of PaBV was proven, but it seems to depend on the age when the parent birds are infected. Therefore, the age of the bird at time of infection may be an important factor in the occurrence of vertical transmission. MDPI 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9785454/ /pubmed/36560725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122721 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Link, Jessica
Herzog, Sibylle
Gartner, Anna Maria
Bücking, Bianca
König, Matthias
Lierz, Michael
Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title_full Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title_fullStr Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title_full_unstemmed Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title_short Factors Influencing Vertical Transmission of Psittacine Bornavirus in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
title_sort factors influencing vertical transmission of psittacine bornavirus in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36560725
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122721
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