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Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether older adults with SCD had more modifiable protective factors against the...

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Autores principales: Katayama, Osamu, Lee, Sangyoon, Bae, Seongryu, Makino, Keitaro, Chiba, Ippei, Harada, Kenji, Morikawa, Masanori, Tomida, Kouki, Shimada, Hiroyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36556055
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247441
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author Katayama, Osamu
Lee, Sangyoon
Bae, Seongryu
Makino, Keitaro
Chiba, Ippei
Harada, Kenji
Morikawa, Masanori
Tomida, Kouki
Shimada, Hiroyuki
author_facet Katayama, Osamu
Lee, Sangyoon
Bae, Seongryu
Makino, Keitaro
Chiba, Ippei
Harada, Kenji
Morikawa, Masanori
Tomida, Kouki
Shimada, Hiroyuki
author_sort Katayama, Osamu
collection PubMed
description Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether older adults with SCD had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia and a lower risk of developing objective cognitive decline (OCD). We included 4363 older adults (71.7 ± 5.3 [mean ± standard deviation] years of age; 2239 women) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes. SCD, OCD, and protective factors against dementia, such as lifestyle and activity, were assessed using interviews and objective cognitive-assessment tools. Based on initial cognitive status, participants were categorized into normal cognition, SCD-only, OCD-only, and both SCD and OCD groups. After 4 years, participants were classified as having either no impairment or mild or global cognitive impairment (i.e., OCD). Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed with the cognitive statuses of the groups at follow-up and baseline as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that the SCD-only group had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia than the OCD-only group. Community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition or those part of the SCD-only group had a lower risk of developing OCD during the 4-year follow-up, which may have been due to having more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia. Additionally, these factors may contribute to the inconsistencies in the literature on SCD outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-97856252022-12-24 Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study Katayama, Osamu Lee, Sangyoon Bae, Seongryu Makino, Keitaro Chiba, Ippei Harada, Kenji Morikawa, Masanori Tomida, Kouki Shimada, Hiroyuki J Clin Med Article Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether older adults with SCD had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia and a lower risk of developing objective cognitive decline (OCD). We included 4363 older adults (71.7 ± 5.3 [mean ± standard deviation] years of age; 2239 women) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes. SCD, OCD, and protective factors against dementia, such as lifestyle and activity, were assessed using interviews and objective cognitive-assessment tools. Based on initial cognitive status, participants were categorized into normal cognition, SCD-only, OCD-only, and both SCD and OCD groups. After 4 years, participants were classified as having either no impairment or mild or global cognitive impairment (i.e., OCD). Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed with the cognitive statuses of the groups at follow-up and baseline as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that the SCD-only group had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia than the OCD-only group. Community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition or those part of the SCD-only group had a lower risk of developing OCD during the 4-year follow-up, which may have been due to having more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia. Additionally, these factors may contribute to the inconsistencies in the literature on SCD outcomes. MDPI 2022-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9785625/ /pubmed/36556055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247441 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Katayama, Osamu
Lee, Sangyoon
Bae, Seongryu
Makino, Keitaro
Chiba, Ippei
Harada, Kenji
Morikawa, Masanori
Tomida, Kouki
Shimada, Hiroyuki
Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title_full Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title_fullStr Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title_full_unstemmed Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title_short Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
title_sort differences in subjective and objective cognitive decline outcomes are associated with modifiable protective factors: a 4-year longitudinal study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9785625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36556055
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247441
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