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Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis
In this article, very compact 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple output) antennas are designed with the help of Characteristics Mode Analysis to enhance isolation between the elements for UWB applications. The proposed antennas are designed with Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) to g...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122088 |
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author | Suresh, Ankireddy Chandra Reddy, Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Madhav, Boddapati Taraka Phani Das, Sudipta Lavadiya, Sunil Algarni, Abeer D. El-Shafai, Walid |
author_facet | Suresh, Ankireddy Chandra Reddy, Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Madhav, Boddapati Taraka Phani Das, Sudipta Lavadiya, Sunil Algarni, Abeer D. El-Shafai, Walid |
author_sort | Suresh, Ankireddy Chandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this article, very compact 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple output) antennas are designed with the help of Characteristics Mode Analysis to enhance isolation between the elements for UWB applications. The proposed antennas are designed with Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) to gain physical insight and also to analyze the dominant mode. To improve isolation and minimize the mutual coupling between radiating elements, elliptical shaped stubs are used. The dimensions of the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO antennas are 0.29λ(0) × 0.21λ(0) (28 × 20 mm(2)) and 0.29λ(0) × 0.42λ(0) (28 × 40 mm(2)), respectively. These antennas cover the (3.1 GHz–13.75 GHz) UWB frequency band and maintain remarkable isolation of more than 25 dB for both 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 antennas. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed 4 × 4 MIMO antenna is 126.40% from 3.1 GHz to 13.75 GHz, including X-Band and ITU bands. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna has good radiation efficiency, with a value of more than 92.5%. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) matrices of the 4 × 4 antenna are simulated and tested. The corresponding values are 0.0045, 9.982, −3.1 dB, and 0.39, respectively. The simulated results are validated with measured results and favorable agreements for both the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 UWB-MIMO antennas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9786097 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97860972022-12-24 Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis Suresh, Ankireddy Chandra Reddy, Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Madhav, Boddapati Taraka Phani Das, Sudipta Lavadiya, Sunil Algarni, Abeer D. El-Shafai, Walid Micromachines (Basel) Article In this article, very compact 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple output) antennas are designed with the help of Characteristics Mode Analysis to enhance isolation between the elements for UWB applications. The proposed antennas are designed with Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) to gain physical insight and also to analyze the dominant mode. To improve isolation and minimize the mutual coupling between radiating elements, elliptical shaped stubs are used. The dimensions of the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO antennas are 0.29λ(0) × 0.21λ(0) (28 × 20 mm(2)) and 0.29λ(0) × 0.42λ(0) (28 × 40 mm(2)), respectively. These antennas cover the (3.1 GHz–13.75 GHz) UWB frequency band and maintain remarkable isolation of more than 25 dB for both 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 antennas. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed 4 × 4 MIMO antenna is 126.40% from 3.1 GHz to 13.75 GHz, including X-Band and ITU bands. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna has good radiation efficiency, with a value of more than 92.5%. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) matrices of the 4 × 4 antenna are simulated and tested. The corresponding values are 0.0045, 9.982, −3.1 dB, and 0.39, respectively. The simulated results are validated with measured results and favorable agreements for both the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 UWB-MIMO antennas. MDPI 2022-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9786097/ /pubmed/36557387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122088 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Suresh, Ankireddy Chandra Reddy, Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Madhav, Boddapati Taraka Phani Das, Sudipta Lavadiya, Sunil Algarni, Abeer D. El-Shafai, Walid Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title | Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title_full | Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title_fullStr | Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title_short | Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
title_sort | investigations on stub-based uwb-mimo antennas to enhance isolation using characteristic mode analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122088 |
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