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Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics
Calcium lignosulfonate in the amount 30 phr was incorporated into rubber compounds based on pure NBR and an NBR carbon black batch, in which the content of carbon black was 25 phr. Glycerine, as a cheap and environmentally friendly plasticizer, was applied into both types of rubber formulations in a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245356 |
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author | Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Džuganová, Michaela Hronkovič, Ján Preťo, Jozef Hudec, Ivan |
author_facet | Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Džuganová, Michaela Hronkovič, Ján Preťo, Jozef Hudec, Ivan |
author_sort | Kruželák, Ján |
collection | PubMed |
description | Calcium lignosulfonate in the amount 30 phr was incorporated into rubber compounds based on pure NBR and an NBR carbon black batch, in which the content of carbon black was 25 phr. Glycerine, as a cheap and environmentally friendly plasticizer, was applied into both types of rubber formulations in a concentration scale ranging from 5 to 20 phr. For the cross-linking of rubber compounds, a sulfur-based curing system was used. The work was aimed at the investigation of glycerine content on the curing process and rheological properties of rubber compounds, cross-link density, morphology and physical–mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The results show that glycerine influences the shapes of curing isotherms and results in a significant decrease between the maximum and minimum torque. This points to the strong plasticizing effect of glycerine on rubber compounds, which was also confirmed from rheological measurements. The application of glycerine resulted in better homogeneity of the rubber compounds and in the better dispersion and distribution of lignosulfonate within the rubber matrix, which was subsequently reflected in the significant improvement of tensile characteristics of vulcanizates. A higher cross-link density as well as better physical–mechanical properties were exhibited by the vulcanizates based on the carbon black batch due to the presence of a reinforcing filler. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9786110 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97861102022-12-24 Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Džuganová, Michaela Hronkovič, Ján Preťo, Jozef Hudec, Ivan Polymers (Basel) Article Calcium lignosulfonate in the amount 30 phr was incorporated into rubber compounds based on pure NBR and an NBR carbon black batch, in which the content of carbon black was 25 phr. Glycerine, as a cheap and environmentally friendly plasticizer, was applied into both types of rubber formulations in a concentration scale ranging from 5 to 20 phr. For the cross-linking of rubber compounds, a sulfur-based curing system was used. The work was aimed at the investigation of glycerine content on the curing process and rheological properties of rubber compounds, cross-link density, morphology and physical–mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The results show that glycerine influences the shapes of curing isotherms and results in a significant decrease between the maximum and minimum torque. This points to the strong plasticizing effect of glycerine on rubber compounds, which was also confirmed from rheological measurements. The application of glycerine resulted in better homogeneity of the rubber compounds and in the better dispersion and distribution of lignosulfonate within the rubber matrix, which was subsequently reflected in the significant improvement of tensile characteristics of vulcanizates. A higher cross-link density as well as better physical–mechanical properties were exhibited by the vulcanizates based on the carbon black batch due to the presence of a reinforcing filler. MDPI 2022-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9786110/ /pubmed/36559723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245356 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kruželák, Ján Hložeková, Klaudia Kvasničáková, Andrea Džuganová, Michaela Hronkovič, Ján Preťo, Jozef Hudec, Ivan Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title | Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title_full | Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title_fullStr | Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed | Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title_short | Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical–Mechanical Characteristics |
title_sort | calcium-lignosulfonate-filled rubber compounds based on nbr with enhanced physical–mechanical characteristics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36559723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245356 |
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