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Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive
Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet‐related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36196649 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.13507 |
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author | Parnarouskis, Lindsey Leventhal, Adam M. Ferguson, Stuart G. Gearhardt, Ashley N. |
author_facet | Parnarouskis, Lindsey Leventhal, Adam M. Ferguson, Stuart G. Gearhardt, Ashley N. |
author_sort | Parnarouskis, Lindsey |
collection | PubMed |
description | Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet‐related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal‐like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9786266 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97862662022-12-27 Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive Parnarouskis, Lindsey Leventhal, Adam M. Ferguson, Stuart G. Gearhardt, Ashley N. Obes Rev REVIEWS Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet‐related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal‐like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-10-05 2022-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9786266/ /pubmed/36196649 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.13507 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | REVIEWS Parnarouskis, Lindsey Leventhal, Adam M. Ferguson, Stuart G. Gearhardt, Ashley N. Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title | Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title_full | Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title_fullStr | Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title_full_unstemmed | Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title_short | Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
title_sort | withdrawal: a key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive |
topic | REVIEWS |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36196649 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.13507 |
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