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Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized monolayer of polarized, pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the vessels of the choriocapillaris and the neural retina. The RPE is essential for the maintenance and survival of overlying light‐sensitive photoreceptors, as it par...

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Autores principales: Intartaglia, Daniela, Giamundo, Giuliana, Conte, Ivan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33993621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.16018
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author Intartaglia, Daniela
Giamundo, Giuliana
Conte, Ivan
author_facet Intartaglia, Daniela
Giamundo, Giuliana
Conte, Ivan
author_sort Intartaglia, Daniela
collection PubMed
description The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized monolayer of polarized, pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the vessels of the choriocapillaris and the neural retina. The RPE is essential for the maintenance and survival of overlying light‐sensitive photoreceptors, as it participates in the formation of the outer blood–retinal barrier, phagocytosis, degradation of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) tips, maintenance of the retinoid cycle, and protection against light and oxidative stress. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved ‘self‐eating’ process, designed to maintain cellular homeostasis. The daily autophagy demands in the RPE require precise gene regulation for the digestion and recycling of intracellular and POS components in lysosomes in response to light and stress conditions. In this review, we discuss selective autophagy and focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of cell clearance in the RPE for visual function. Understanding how this catabolic process is regulated by both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms in the RPE will promote the recognition of pathological pathways in genetic disease and shed light on potential therapeutic strategies to treat visual impairments in patients with retinal disorders associated with lysosomal dysfunction.
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spelling pubmed-97867862022-12-27 Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges Intartaglia, Daniela Giamundo, Giuliana Conte, Ivan FEBS J State‐of‐the‐Art Reviews The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized monolayer of polarized, pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the vessels of the choriocapillaris and the neural retina. The RPE is essential for the maintenance and survival of overlying light‐sensitive photoreceptors, as it participates in the formation of the outer blood–retinal barrier, phagocytosis, degradation of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) tips, maintenance of the retinoid cycle, and protection against light and oxidative stress. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved ‘self‐eating’ process, designed to maintain cellular homeostasis. The daily autophagy demands in the RPE require precise gene regulation for the digestion and recycling of intracellular and POS components in lysosomes in response to light and stress conditions. In this review, we discuss selective autophagy and focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of cell clearance in the RPE for visual function. Understanding how this catabolic process is regulated by both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms in the RPE will promote the recognition of pathological pathways in genetic disease and shed light on potential therapeutic strategies to treat visual impairments in patients with retinal disorders associated with lysosomal dysfunction. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-05-31 2022-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9786786/ /pubmed/33993621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.16018 Text en © 2021 The Authors. The FEBS Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle State‐of‐the‐Art Reviews
Intartaglia, Daniela
Giamundo, Giuliana
Conte, Ivan
Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title_full Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title_fullStr Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title_full_unstemmed Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title_short Autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
title_sort autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium: a new vision and future challenges
topic State‐of‐the‐Art Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33993621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.16018
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