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Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation
There is an increase in the prevalence of elite youth sports academies, whose sole aim is to develop future elite athletes. This involves the exposure of the child and adolescent athlete to high-volume training during a period of volatile growth. The large amount of data in this area has been garner...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9787332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9120438 |
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author | Unnithan, Viswanath B. Beaumont, Alexander Rowland, Thomas George, Keith Sculthorpe, Nicholas Lord, Rachel N. Bakhshi, Andisheh Oxborough, David |
author_facet | Unnithan, Viswanath B. Beaumont, Alexander Rowland, Thomas George, Keith Sculthorpe, Nicholas Lord, Rachel N. Bakhshi, Andisheh Oxborough, David |
author_sort | Unnithan, Viswanath B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is an increase in the prevalence of elite youth sports academies, whose sole aim is to develop future elite athletes. This involves the exposure of the child and adolescent athlete to high-volume training during a period of volatile growth. The large amount of data in this area has been garnered from the resting echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) evaluation of the youth athlete; while this can provide some insight on the functional adaptations to training, it is unable to elucidate a comprehensive overview of the function of the youth athletes’ LV during exercise. Consequently, there is a need to interrogate the LV responses in-exercise. This review outlines the feasibility and functional insight of capturing global indices of LV function (Stroke Index-SVIndex and Cardiac Index-QIndex), systolic and diastolic markers, and cardiac strain during submaximal and maximal exercise. Larger SVI and QI were noted in these highly trained young athletes compared to recreationally active peers during submaximal and maximal exercise. The mechanistic insights suggest that there are minimal functional systolic adaptions during exercise compared to their recreationally active peers. Diastolic function was superior during exercise in these young athletes, and this appears to be underpinned by enhanced determinants of pre-load. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9787332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97873322022-12-24 Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation Unnithan, Viswanath B. Beaumont, Alexander Rowland, Thomas George, Keith Sculthorpe, Nicholas Lord, Rachel N. Bakhshi, Andisheh Oxborough, David J Cardiovasc Dev Dis Review There is an increase in the prevalence of elite youth sports academies, whose sole aim is to develop future elite athletes. This involves the exposure of the child and adolescent athlete to high-volume training during a period of volatile growth. The large amount of data in this area has been garnered from the resting echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) evaluation of the youth athlete; while this can provide some insight on the functional adaptations to training, it is unable to elucidate a comprehensive overview of the function of the youth athletes’ LV during exercise. Consequently, there is a need to interrogate the LV responses in-exercise. This review outlines the feasibility and functional insight of capturing global indices of LV function (Stroke Index-SVIndex and Cardiac Index-QIndex), systolic and diastolic markers, and cardiac strain during submaximal and maximal exercise. Larger SVI and QI were noted in these highly trained young athletes compared to recreationally active peers during submaximal and maximal exercise. The mechanistic insights suggest that there are minimal functional systolic adaptions during exercise compared to their recreationally active peers. Diastolic function was superior during exercise in these young athletes, and this appears to be underpinned by enhanced determinants of pre-load. MDPI 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9787332/ /pubmed/36547435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9120438 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Unnithan, Viswanath B. Beaumont, Alexander Rowland, Thomas George, Keith Sculthorpe, Nicholas Lord, Rachel N. Bakhshi, Andisheh Oxborough, David Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title | Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title_full | Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title_fullStr | Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title_full_unstemmed | Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title_short | Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation |
title_sort | left ventricular responses during exercise in highly trained youth athletes: echocardiographic insights on function and adaptation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9787332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9120438 |
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