Cargando…
Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Background and aim: Previous observational studies have suggested a paradoxical relationship between iron status and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Observed associations in these epidemiological studies fail to show sequential temporality and suffer from problems of confoundi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788387/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245237 |
_version_ | 1784858742138863616 |
---|---|
author | Liu, Cenqin Chen, Yishu Zhang, Zhixin Xie, Jiarong Yu, Chaohui Xu, Lei Li, Youming |
author_facet | Liu, Cenqin Chen, Yishu Zhang, Zhixin Xie, Jiarong Yu, Chaohui Xu, Lei Li, Youming |
author_sort | Liu, Cenqin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and aim: Previous observational studies have suggested a paradoxical relationship between iron status and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Observed associations in these epidemiological studies fail to show sequential temporality and suffer from problems of confounding. Therefore, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the relationship between serum iron status and NAFLD. Methods: The inverse weighted method (IVW) meta-analysis with the fixed-effect model was the main method to estimate the relationship between iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and NAFLD. Weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR RAPS) methods were used as additional analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed with Cochran’s Q test, MR–Egger regression, Steiger filtering, and the MR PRESSO test. Results: Iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, and TSAT, was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.25 (1.06, 1.48); 1.24 (1.05, 1.46), 1.16 (1.02, 1.31), respectively). In contrast, minimal effects of NAFLD on serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC were observed (OR (95% CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), respectively). Conclusions: Our findings corroborated the causal associations between serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and NAFLD, which might suggest the potential benefits of iron-related therapy. In addition, NAFLD might, in turn, slightly affect iron homeostasis indicated as serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC, but this needs to be further confirmed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9788387 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97883872022-12-24 Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Liu, Cenqin Chen, Yishu Zhang, Zhixin Xie, Jiarong Yu, Chaohui Xu, Lei Li, Youming Nutrients Article Background and aim: Previous observational studies have suggested a paradoxical relationship between iron status and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Observed associations in these epidemiological studies fail to show sequential temporality and suffer from problems of confounding. Therefore, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the relationship between serum iron status and NAFLD. Methods: The inverse weighted method (IVW) meta-analysis with the fixed-effect model was the main method to estimate the relationship between iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and NAFLD. Weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR RAPS) methods were used as additional analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed with Cochran’s Q test, MR–Egger regression, Steiger filtering, and the MR PRESSO test. Results: Iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, and TSAT, was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.25 (1.06, 1.48); 1.24 (1.05, 1.46), 1.16 (1.02, 1.31), respectively). In contrast, minimal effects of NAFLD on serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC were observed (OR (95% CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), respectively). Conclusions: Our findings corroborated the causal associations between serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and NAFLD, which might suggest the potential benefits of iron-related therapy. In addition, NAFLD might, in turn, slightly affect iron homeostasis indicated as serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC, but this needs to be further confirmed. MDPI 2022-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9788387/ /pubmed/36558395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245237 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Cenqin Chen, Yishu Zhang, Zhixin Xie, Jiarong Yu, Chaohui Xu, Lei Li, Youming Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title | Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full | Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_fullStr | Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_short | Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_sort | iron status and nafld among european populations: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788387/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245237 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT liucenqin ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT chenyishu ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT zhangzhixin ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT xiejiarong ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT yuchaohui ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT xulei ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT liyouming ironstatusandnafldamongeuropeanpopulationsabidirectionaltwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy |