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Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads
Sweat is a natural body excretion produced by skin glands, and the body cools itself by releasing salty sweat. Wetness in the underarms and feet for long durations causes itchiness and an unpleasant smell. Skin-friendly reusable sweat pads could be used to absorb sweat. Transportation of moisture an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121230 |
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author | Qadir, Muhammad Bilal Jalalah, Mohammed Shoukat, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Adnan Khaliq, Zubair Nazir, Ahsan Anjum, Muhammad Naveed Rahman, Abdul Khan, Muhammad Qamar Tahir, Rizwan Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Irfan, Muhammad Alsareii, Saeed A. Harraz, Farid A. |
author_facet | Qadir, Muhammad Bilal Jalalah, Mohammed Shoukat, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Adnan Khaliq, Zubair Nazir, Ahsan Anjum, Muhammad Naveed Rahman, Abdul Khan, Muhammad Qamar Tahir, Rizwan Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Irfan, Muhammad Alsareii, Saeed A. Harraz, Farid A. |
author_sort | Qadir, Muhammad Bilal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sweat is a natural body excretion produced by skin glands, and the body cools itself by releasing salty sweat. Wetness in the underarms and feet for long durations causes itchiness and an unpleasant smell. Skin-friendly reusable sweat pads could be used to absorb sweat. Transportation of moisture and functionality is the current challenge that many researchers are working on. This study aims to develop a functional and breathable sweat pad with antimicrobial and quick drying performance. Three layered functional sweat pads (FSP) are prepared in which the inner layer is made of an optimized needle-punched coolmax/polypropylene nonwoven blend. This layer is then dipped in antimicrobial ZnO solution (2, 4, and 6 wt.%), and super absorbent polymer (SAP) is embedded, and this is called a functional nonwoven (FNW1) sheet. Electrospun nanofiber-based nanomembranes of polyamide-6 are optimized for bead-free fibers. They are used as a middle layer to enhance the pad’s functionality, and the third layer is again made of needle-punched optimized coolmax/polypropylene nonwoven sheets. A simple nonwoven-based sweat pad (SSP) is also prepared for comparison purposes. Nonwoven sheets are optimized based on better comfort properties, including air/water vapor permeability and moisture management (MMT). Nonwoven webs having a higher proportion of coolmax show better air permeability and moisture transfer from the inner to the outer layer. Antimicrobial activity of the functional nonwoven layer showed 8 mm of bacterial growth, but SSP and FSP showed only 6 mm of growth against Staphylococcus aureus. FSP showed superior comfort and antibacterial properties. This study could be a footstone toward highly functional sweat pads with remarkable comfort properties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9788416 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97884162022-12-24 Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads Qadir, Muhammad Bilal Jalalah, Mohammed Shoukat, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Adnan Khaliq, Zubair Nazir, Ahsan Anjum, Muhammad Naveed Rahman, Abdul Khan, Muhammad Qamar Tahir, Rizwan Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Irfan, Muhammad Alsareii, Saeed A. Harraz, Farid A. Membranes (Basel) Article Sweat is a natural body excretion produced by skin glands, and the body cools itself by releasing salty sweat. Wetness in the underarms and feet for long durations causes itchiness and an unpleasant smell. Skin-friendly reusable sweat pads could be used to absorb sweat. Transportation of moisture and functionality is the current challenge that many researchers are working on. This study aims to develop a functional and breathable sweat pad with antimicrobial and quick drying performance. Three layered functional sweat pads (FSP) are prepared in which the inner layer is made of an optimized needle-punched coolmax/polypropylene nonwoven blend. This layer is then dipped in antimicrobial ZnO solution (2, 4, and 6 wt.%), and super absorbent polymer (SAP) is embedded, and this is called a functional nonwoven (FNW1) sheet. Electrospun nanofiber-based nanomembranes of polyamide-6 are optimized for bead-free fibers. They are used as a middle layer to enhance the pad’s functionality, and the third layer is again made of needle-punched optimized coolmax/polypropylene nonwoven sheets. A simple nonwoven-based sweat pad (SSP) is also prepared for comparison purposes. Nonwoven sheets are optimized based on better comfort properties, including air/water vapor permeability and moisture management (MMT). Nonwoven webs having a higher proportion of coolmax show better air permeability and moisture transfer from the inner to the outer layer. Antimicrobial activity of the functional nonwoven layer showed 8 mm of bacterial growth, but SSP and FSP showed only 6 mm of growth against Staphylococcus aureus. FSP showed superior comfort and antibacterial properties. This study could be a footstone toward highly functional sweat pads with remarkable comfort properties. MDPI 2022-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9788416/ /pubmed/36557137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121230 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Qadir, Muhammad Bilal Jalalah, Mohammed Shoukat, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Adnan Khaliq, Zubair Nazir, Ahsan Anjum, Muhammad Naveed Rahman, Abdul Khan, Muhammad Qamar Tahir, Rizwan Faisal, M. Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Irfan, Muhammad Alsareii, Saeed A. Harraz, Farid A. Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title | Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title_full | Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title_fullStr | Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title_full_unstemmed | Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title_short | Nonwoven/Nanomembrane Composite Functional Sweat Pads |
title_sort | nonwoven/nanomembrane composite functional sweat pads |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36557137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121230 |
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