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Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite

The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca(2+)) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefo...

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Autores principales: Liu, Zhongyi, Liu, Jie, Liao, Yinfei, Jin, Chenxi, Ma, Zilong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249026
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author Liu, Zhongyi
Liu, Jie
Liao, Yinfei
Jin, Chenxi
Ma, Zilong
author_facet Liu, Zhongyi
Liu, Jie
Liao, Yinfei
Jin, Chenxi
Ma, Zilong
author_sort Liu, Zhongyi
collection PubMed
description The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca(2+)) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefore, the dispersion behavior and mechanism of Ca(2+) action on smithsonite are important for improving the efficiency of smithsonite flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca(2+) on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite were studied using a turbidity test. The results showed that the dispersion behavior of smithsonite was good in the absence of Ca(2+) at a range of pH = 4–12. However, the measured turbidity values of smithsonite decreased with the addition of calcium ions. In particular, the dispersion behavior of smithsonite became worse at pH > 10. Zeta potential test results showed that the smithsonite’s surface potential shifted positively, and the absolute value of potential decreased in the presence of Ca(2+). The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that calcium ions were adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, which may have caused ion exchange or the generation of calcium hydroxide precipitation leading to particle coalescence behavior. The calculations of solution chemistry and DLVO theory indicated that calcium ions adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite to form Ca(OH)(+) or precipitation, which reduced the potential energy of interparticle interactions and led to the disruption of dispersion behavior of smithsonite.
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spelling pubmed-97886292022-12-24 Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite Liu, Zhongyi Liu, Jie Liao, Yinfei Jin, Chenxi Ma, Zilong Molecules Article The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca(2+)) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefore, the dispersion behavior and mechanism of Ca(2+) action on smithsonite are important for improving the efficiency of smithsonite flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca(2+) on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite were studied using a turbidity test. The results showed that the dispersion behavior of smithsonite was good in the absence of Ca(2+) at a range of pH = 4–12. However, the measured turbidity values of smithsonite decreased with the addition of calcium ions. In particular, the dispersion behavior of smithsonite became worse at pH > 10. Zeta potential test results showed that the smithsonite’s surface potential shifted positively, and the absolute value of potential decreased in the presence of Ca(2+). The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that calcium ions were adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, which may have caused ion exchange or the generation of calcium hydroxide precipitation leading to particle coalescence behavior. The calculations of solution chemistry and DLVO theory indicated that calcium ions adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite to form Ca(OH)(+) or precipitation, which reduced the potential energy of interparticle interactions and led to the disruption of dispersion behavior of smithsonite. MDPI 2022-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9788629/ /pubmed/36558159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249026 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Zhongyi
Liu, Jie
Liao, Yinfei
Jin, Chenxi
Ma, Zilong
Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title_full Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title_fullStr Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title_short Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca(2+)) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite
title_sort effect of unavoidable ion (ca(2+)) in pulp on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9788629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249026
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