Performance of the South African triage score among HIV positive individuals presenting to an emergency department

INTRODUCTION: Over a quarter of patients presenting to South African Emergency Centres (EC) have concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet it is unclear how this impacts their presenting complaints, the severity of illness, and overall resource needs in the EC. The primary objective of this study was to compare the performance of the South African Triage Score (SATS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to HIV-negative patients. Secondary objectives included comparing the presentation characteristics and resource utilisation of these populations. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Livingstone Hospital EC, Gqeberha, South Africa, to compare triage designation and clinical outcomes in PLWH and HIV-negative patients. In this six-week study, all eligible patients received point-of-care HIV testing and extensive data abstraction, including SATS designation and EC clinical course. Descriptive statistical analysis was completed, and a log-binomial model was used to examine the association between HIV status and clinical outcomes using crude (unadjPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (adjPR). RESULTS: During the study period, 755 adult patients who consented to a POC HIV test were enrolled, of which 193 (25.6%) were HIV positive. HIV-positive patients were significantly more likely to be admitted compared to their HIV-negative counterparts when triaged as low acuity (adjPR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.92, (p=0.003)). HIV-positive patients were also significantly more likely to receive laboratory testing when triaged as low acuity (adjPR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.59 (p=0.006)) and as high acuity (adjPR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.59 (p=0.034)) compared to HIV negative patients of the same triage categories. CONCLUSION: In our study, PLWH, compared to HIV-negative patients in the same category, were more likely to be admitted and require more EC resources, thus alluding to possible under triage of HIV-positive patients under the current SATS algorithm.