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The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men

Considerable research has shown that testosterone regulates many physiological systems, modulates clinical disorders, and contributes to health outcome. However, studies on the interaction of testosterone levels with depression and the antidepressant effect of testosterone replacement therapy in hyp...

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Autores principales: Hauger, Richard L., Saelzler, Ursula G., Pagadala, Meghana S., Panizzon, Matthew S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9789012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36418656
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-022-09767-0
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author Hauger, Richard L.
Saelzler, Ursula G.
Pagadala, Meghana S.
Panizzon, Matthew S.
author_facet Hauger, Richard L.
Saelzler, Ursula G.
Pagadala, Meghana S.
Panizzon, Matthew S.
author_sort Hauger, Richard L.
collection PubMed
description Considerable research has shown that testosterone regulates many physiological systems, modulates clinical disorders, and contributes to health outcome. However, studies on the interaction of testosterone levels with depression and the antidepressant effect of testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men with depression have been inconclusive. Current findings indicate that low circulating levels of total testosterone meeting stringent clinical criteria for hypogonadism and testosterone deficiency induced by androgen deprivation therapy are associated with increased risk for depression and current depressive symptoms. The benefits of testosterone replacement therapy in men with major depressive disorder and low testosterone levels in the clinically defined hypogonadal range remain uncertain and require further investigation. Important considerations going forward are that major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous phenotype with depressed individuals differing in inherited polygenic determinants, onset and clinical course, symptom complexes, and comorbidities that contribute to potential multifactorial differences in pathophysiology. Furthermore, polygenic mechanisms are likely to be critical to the biological heterogeneity that influences testosterone-depression interactions. A genetically informed precision medicine approach using genes regulating testosterone levels and androgen receptor sensitivity will likely be essential in gaining critical insight into the role of testosterone in depression.
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spelling pubmed-97890122022-12-25 The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men Hauger, Richard L. Saelzler, Ursula G. Pagadala, Meghana S. Panizzon, Matthew S. Rev Endocr Metab Disord Article Considerable research has shown that testosterone regulates many physiological systems, modulates clinical disorders, and contributes to health outcome. However, studies on the interaction of testosterone levels with depression and the antidepressant effect of testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men with depression have been inconclusive. Current findings indicate that low circulating levels of total testosterone meeting stringent clinical criteria for hypogonadism and testosterone deficiency induced by androgen deprivation therapy are associated with increased risk for depression and current depressive symptoms. The benefits of testosterone replacement therapy in men with major depressive disorder and low testosterone levels in the clinically defined hypogonadal range remain uncertain and require further investigation. Important considerations going forward are that major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous phenotype with depressed individuals differing in inherited polygenic determinants, onset and clinical course, symptom complexes, and comorbidities that contribute to potential multifactorial differences in pathophysiology. Furthermore, polygenic mechanisms are likely to be critical to the biological heterogeneity that influences testosterone-depression interactions. A genetically informed precision medicine approach using genes regulating testosterone levels and androgen receptor sensitivity will likely be essential in gaining critical insight into the role of testosterone in depression. Springer US 2022-11-22 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9789012/ /pubmed/36418656 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-022-09767-0 Text en © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Hauger, Richard L.
Saelzler, Ursula G.
Pagadala, Meghana S.
Panizzon, Matthew S.
The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title_full The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title_fullStr The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title_full_unstemmed The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title_short The role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing Men
title_sort role of testosterone, the androgen receptor, and hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in depression in ageing men
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9789012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36418656
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-022-09767-0
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