Judgment of duration and passage of time in prospective and retrospective conditions and its predictors for short and long durations

The study investigated participants' verbal duration judgment and judgment of passage of time (PoT) when presented with an image for a few seconds (20 to 45 s) or minutes (80 to 180 s) with prospective and retrospective temporal judgment instruction, with their level of attention devoted to time tested. Their self-reported levels of emotion and attention were also assessed, as well as their individual impulsivity traits. Structural equation analyses showed that the best predictor of PoT judgment was emotion (boredom) regardless of duration range. For duration judgment, the best predictor for short durations was attention-related factors. However, for long durations, these factors ceased to be significant and were replaced by emotion, in the same way as for the PoT judgment. Indeed, these analyses suggested that duration judgment and PoT judgment were related for long durations of more than one minute, whereas they were not related for short durations of a few seconds.