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Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state

In 2019, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was recognized as an emerging pathogen of swine, associated with sudden deaths, increased abortion rates and septicaemia. Limited data are available regarding this disease in pigs. The objectives of this study were to clarify clinical progression, pat...

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Autores principales: Costa, Matheus de Oliveira, Harding, John Clare Samuel, Huang, Yanyun, Nosach, Roman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9790520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35182443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14481
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author Costa, Matheus de Oliveira
Harding, John Clare Samuel
Huang, Yanyun
Nosach, Roman
author_facet Costa, Matheus de Oliveira
Harding, John Clare Samuel
Huang, Yanyun
Nosach, Roman
author_sort Costa, Matheus de Oliveira
collection PubMed
description In 2019, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was recognized as an emerging pathogen of swine, associated with sudden deaths, increased abortion rates and septicaemia. Limited data are available regarding this disease in pigs. The objectives of this study were to clarify clinical progression, pathogen shedding, transmission, gross and microscopic lesions following infection in pigs. Six weeks old pigs were inoculated with either S. zooepidemicus sequence type 194 (inoculated, n = 6) or sham inoculated with sterile culture broth (sentinels, n = 4). Animals were housed in the same room, in two pens 2 m apart. Pigs were monitored twice daily for clinical signs, and rectal, nasal and oral swabs were collected once daily. A full necropsy was performed if welfare was a concern or at 5 days post‐inoculation (dpi). All sentinels remained disease free and their samples tested negative for the pathogen of interest. All inoculated pigs developed fever within 8 h of inoculation, and severe disease was observed after 2 dpi. A total of 4/6 inoculated pigs developed clinical signs that compromised animal welfare and were euthanized. Nasal swabs (15/23), followed by rectal swabs (9/23) yield the highest number of positive ante‐mortem samples. Clinically healthy, inoculated pigs had detectable levels of S. zooepidemicus in rectal and nasal swabs. Reactive submandibular lymph nodes, kidney petechiae and splenomegaly were found in six of six inoculated pigs. These data suggest that subclinically infected pigs may spread the pathogen through nasal secretions and faeces. Direct contact seems to be required for transmission.
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spelling pubmed-97905202022-12-28 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state Costa, Matheus de Oliveira Harding, John Clare Samuel Huang, Yanyun Nosach, Roman Transbound Emerg Dis Original Articles In 2019, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was recognized as an emerging pathogen of swine, associated with sudden deaths, increased abortion rates and septicaemia. Limited data are available regarding this disease in pigs. The objectives of this study were to clarify clinical progression, pathogen shedding, transmission, gross and microscopic lesions following infection in pigs. Six weeks old pigs were inoculated with either S. zooepidemicus sequence type 194 (inoculated, n = 6) or sham inoculated with sterile culture broth (sentinels, n = 4). Animals were housed in the same room, in two pens 2 m apart. Pigs were monitored twice daily for clinical signs, and rectal, nasal and oral swabs were collected once daily. A full necropsy was performed if welfare was a concern or at 5 days post‐inoculation (dpi). All sentinels remained disease free and their samples tested negative for the pathogen of interest. All inoculated pigs developed fever within 8 h of inoculation, and severe disease was observed after 2 dpi. A total of 4/6 inoculated pigs developed clinical signs that compromised animal welfare and were euthanized. Nasal swabs (15/23), followed by rectal swabs (9/23) yield the highest number of positive ante‐mortem samples. Clinically healthy, inoculated pigs had detectable levels of S. zooepidemicus in rectal and nasal swabs. Reactive submandibular lymph nodes, kidney petechiae and splenomegaly were found in six of six inoculated pigs. These data suggest that subclinically infected pigs may spread the pathogen through nasal secretions and faeces. Direct contact seems to be required for transmission. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-03-13 2022-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9790520/ /pubmed/35182443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14481 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Costa, Matheus de Oliveira
Harding, John Clare Samuel
Huang, Yanyun
Nosach, Roman
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title_full Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title_fullStr Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title_full_unstemmed Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title_short Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
title_sort streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9790520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35182443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14481
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