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Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study
Background: The Montane(®) Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is one of the longest (690 km) and coldest (+10.6°C–43.9°C) ultramarathons worldwide. Taking part in an ultramarathon is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one’s mood, level of hormones, and peptides. The...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36579027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.970016 |
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author | Kienast, Camilla Biere, Katharina Coker, Robert H. Genov, Nikolai N. Jörres, Marc Maggioni, Martina Anna Mascarell-Maricic, Lea Schalt, Adriane Genov, Magdalena Gunga, Hanns-Christian Steinach, Mathias |
author_facet | Kienast, Camilla Biere, Katharina Coker, Robert H. Genov, Nikolai N. Jörres, Marc Maggioni, Martina Anna Mascarell-Maricic, Lea Schalt, Adriane Genov, Magdalena Gunga, Hanns-Christian Steinach, Mathias |
author_sort | Kienast, Camilla |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The Montane(®) Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is one of the longest (690 km) and coldest (+10.6°C–43.9°C) ultramarathons worldwide. Taking part in an ultramarathon is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one’s mood, level of hormones, and peptides. The current study aimed to identify relationships between peptides, hormones, and mood states in participants during this ultramarathon. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 36 participants (19 men, 17 women, 38.64 ± 9.12 years) split into a finisher (n = 10), non-finisher (n = 19), and control group (n = 7). Data were collected at four time points: baseline (PRE), during (D1 after 277 km, D2 after 383 km), and after the race (POST). Questionnaires were used to assess ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), total quality of recovery (TQR), and profile of mood states (POMS-SF). Serum NPY, leptin, adiponectin, and cortisol were measured. Results: Among non-finishers, scores for confusion, anger, depression, and tension-anxiety (PRE vs. D2, p < 0.05) increased, while vigor decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In contrast, finishers’ tension-anxiety scores decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). Fatigue increased in finishers (PRE vs. POST, p < 0.05) and non-finishers (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In non-finishers, depressive mood correlated positively with leptin, anger, and confusion at several time points (p < 0.001). In finishers, NPY correlated with TQR at PRE (p < 0.05), while leptin correlated negatively with TQR at POST (p < 0.05). Tension-anxiety correlated highly with perceived exertion in non-finishers (p < 0.001) and with cortisol in finishers (p < 0.05) and non-finishers (p < 0.001). In finishers, confusion correlated negatively with NPY (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study reveals an essential interplay between hormones and mood states affecting performance: Leptin was associated with anger and a depressive mood state in non-finishers and worse recovery in finishers. In contrast, NPY appeared linked to a lower confusion score and heightened recovery in finishers. A simultaneous increase in depressed mood, anger, tension-anxiety, and confusion might harm performance and lead to race failure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9791263 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97912632022-12-27 Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study Kienast, Camilla Biere, Katharina Coker, Robert H. Genov, Nikolai N. Jörres, Marc Maggioni, Martina Anna Mascarell-Maricic, Lea Schalt, Adriane Genov, Magdalena Gunga, Hanns-Christian Steinach, Mathias Front Physiol Physiology Background: The Montane(®) Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is one of the longest (690 km) and coldest (+10.6°C–43.9°C) ultramarathons worldwide. Taking part in an ultramarathon is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one’s mood, level of hormones, and peptides. The current study aimed to identify relationships between peptides, hormones, and mood states in participants during this ultramarathon. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 36 participants (19 men, 17 women, 38.64 ± 9.12 years) split into a finisher (n = 10), non-finisher (n = 19), and control group (n = 7). Data were collected at four time points: baseline (PRE), during (D1 after 277 km, D2 after 383 km), and after the race (POST). Questionnaires were used to assess ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), total quality of recovery (TQR), and profile of mood states (POMS-SF). Serum NPY, leptin, adiponectin, and cortisol were measured. Results: Among non-finishers, scores for confusion, anger, depression, and tension-anxiety (PRE vs. D2, p < 0.05) increased, while vigor decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In contrast, finishers’ tension-anxiety scores decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). Fatigue increased in finishers (PRE vs. POST, p < 0.05) and non-finishers (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In non-finishers, depressive mood correlated positively with leptin, anger, and confusion at several time points (p < 0.001). In finishers, NPY correlated with TQR at PRE (p < 0.05), while leptin correlated negatively with TQR at POST (p < 0.05). Tension-anxiety correlated highly with perceived exertion in non-finishers (p < 0.001) and with cortisol in finishers (p < 0.05) and non-finishers (p < 0.001). In finishers, confusion correlated negatively with NPY (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study reveals an essential interplay between hormones and mood states affecting performance: Leptin was associated with anger and a depressive mood state in non-finishers and worse recovery in finishers. In contrast, NPY appeared linked to a lower confusion score and heightened recovery in finishers. A simultaneous increase in depressed mood, anger, tension-anxiety, and confusion might harm performance and lead to race failure. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9791263/ /pubmed/36579027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.970016 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kienast, Biere, Coker, Genov, Jörres, Maggioni, Mascarell-Maricic, Schalt, Genov, Gunga and Steinach. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Kienast, Camilla Biere, Katharina Coker, Robert H. Genov, Nikolai N. Jörres, Marc Maggioni, Martina Anna Mascarell-Maricic, Lea Schalt, Adriane Genov, Magdalena Gunga, Hanns-Christian Steinach, Mathias Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title | Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title_full | Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title_fullStr | Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title_full_unstemmed | Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title_short | Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study |
title_sort | adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: an observational study |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36579027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.970016 |
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