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Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species

Lineage-specific genes can contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel traits and adaptations. Tardigrades are animals that have adapted to tolerate extreme conditions by undergoing a form of cryptobiosis called anhydrobiosis, a physical transformation to an inactive desiccated state. While s...

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Autores principales: Metivier, Jean-Christophe, Chain, Frédéric J J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36578471
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769343221140277
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author Metivier, Jean-Christophe
Chain, Frédéric J J
author_facet Metivier, Jean-Christophe
Chain, Frédéric J J
author_sort Metivier, Jean-Christophe
collection PubMed
description Lineage-specific genes can contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel traits and adaptations. Tardigrades are animals that have adapted to tolerate extreme conditions by undergoing a form of cryptobiosis called anhydrobiosis, a physical transformation to an inactive desiccated state. While studies to understand the genetics underlying the interspecies diversity in anhydrobiotic transitions have identified tardigrade-specific genes and family expansions involved in this process, the contributions of species-specific genes to the variation in tardigrade development and cryptobiosis are less clear. We used previously published transcriptomes throughout development and anhydrobiosis (5 embryonic stages, 7 juvenile stages, active adults, and tun adults) to assess the transcriptional biases of different classes of genes between 2 tardigrade species, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus. We also used the transcriptomes of 2 other tardigrades, Echiniscoides sigismundi and Richtersius coronifer, and data from 3 non-tardigrade species (Adenita vaga, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans) to help identify lineage-specific genes. We found that lineage-specific genes have generally low and narrow expression but are enriched among biased genes in different stages of development depending on the species. Biased genes tend to be specific to early and late development, but there is little overlap in functional enrichment of biased genes between species. Gene expansions in the 2 tardigrades also involve families with different functions despite homologous genes being expressed during anhydrobiosis in both species. Our results demonstrate the interspecific variation in transcriptional contributions and biases of lineage-specific genes during development and anhydrobiosis in 2 tardigrades.
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spelling pubmed-97912832022-12-27 Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species Metivier, Jean-Christophe Chain, Frédéric J J Evol Bioinform Online Original Research Lineage-specific genes can contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel traits and adaptations. Tardigrades are animals that have adapted to tolerate extreme conditions by undergoing a form of cryptobiosis called anhydrobiosis, a physical transformation to an inactive desiccated state. While studies to understand the genetics underlying the interspecies diversity in anhydrobiotic transitions have identified tardigrade-specific genes and family expansions involved in this process, the contributions of species-specific genes to the variation in tardigrade development and cryptobiosis are less clear. We used previously published transcriptomes throughout development and anhydrobiosis (5 embryonic stages, 7 juvenile stages, active adults, and tun adults) to assess the transcriptional biases of different classes of genes between 2 tardigrade species, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus. We also used the transcriptomes of 2 other tardigrades, Echiniscoides sigismundi and Richtersius coronifer, and data from 3 non-tardigrade species (Adenita vaga, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans) to help identify lineage-specific genes. We found that lineage-specific genes have generally low and narrow expression but are enriched among biased genes in different stages of development depending on the species. Biased genes tend to be specific to early and late development, but there is little overlap in functional enrichment of biased genes between species. Gene expansions in the 2 tardigrades also involve families with different functions despite homologous genes being expressed during anhydrobiosis in both species. Our results demonstrate the interspecific variation in transcriptional contributions and biases of lineage-specific genes during development and anhydrobiosis in 2 tardigrades. SAGE Publications 2022-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9791283/ /pubmed/36578471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769343221140277 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Research
Metivier, Jean-Christophe
Chain, Frédéric J J
Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title_full Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title_fullStr Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title_full_unstemmed Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title_short Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
title_sort diversity in expression biases of lineage-specific genes during development and anhydrobiosis among tardigrade species
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36578471
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769343221140277
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