Arthritis Severity and Medical Comorbidities Are Prognostic of Worse Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Concomitant Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

PURPOSE: To assess demographic factors, comorbidities, radiographic variables, and injury patterns as potential prognostic indicators of poor functional and patient-reported outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients with concomitant glenohumeral osteoarthritis. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who underwent arthroscopic supraspinatus repairs between 2013 and 2018 with a minimum of 1-year follow up was performed. Demographic variables included age, tobacco use, alcohol use, diabetes, sex, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index while injury patterns included partial- versus full-thickness tear, bicep tendon involvement, and osteoarthritis severity. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of visual analog pain scale (VAS), subjective shoulder value (SSV), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score as well as active range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion (FF) and external rotation (ER). Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of repair failure as well as postoperative strength in FF and ER. RESULTS: In total, 91 patients (mean age 61.48 ± 9.4 years) were identified with an average follow up of 26.3 ± 5.7 months. Repair failures occurred in 9.9% (9/91 patients) of the total cohort. Postoperative outcomes were significantly improved with regards to visual analog pain scale, subjective shoulder value, ASES score, ROM in FF, FF strength, and external rotation strength compared with preoperative baseline. Obesity (P = .023) and diabetes (P = .010) were significant independent predictors of greater pain scores postoperatively. Obesity (P = .029) and tobacco use (P = .007) were significant predictors of lower ASES scores postoperatively. Finally, moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis was a significant risk factor for poor ROM and strength in FF postoperatively compared to mild osteoarthritis (P = .029). No variables were predictive of repair failure. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use, obesity, and diabetes are associated with worse pain and patient-reported outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in the context of glenohumeral OA. In addition, moderate-to-severe OA is associated with worse strength and forward flexion compared to those with mild OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.