Peanut-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children: A Literature Review

Peanut allergy has become more common among children and is considered one of the most common triggers for fatal anaphylaxis. Treatment of symptoms during a reaction is only one aspect of managing anaphylaxis; other elements include rigorous dietary avoidance and education about settings that could put the patient at a high risk of unintentional exposure. We aimed to review the prevalence, mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and emergency action of peanut-induced anaphylaxis among children. We used a web-based literature search using the advanced features of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane electronic databases. The most common food to cause fatal anaphylaxis and a common cause of food allergies is peanuts. Over the past two years, our knowledge improved more about peanut allergens, their prevalence, causes, diagnoses, and treatments. The research cited in this review demonstrates that the peanut allergens are most closely associated with disease differ across cultures, that early oral peanut exposure may reduce the occurrence of peanut allergy while early non-oral exposure may have the opposite effect, that complement activation by peanut constituents appears to promote peanut-induced anaphylaxis, and that oral immunotherapy, anti-IgE antibody, and a herbal formulation are all demonstrating promise as treatments. To conclude, peanut allergies have increased frequently during the past 10 years, especially in Westernized nations. Given that peanut allergy poses a danger for fatal anaphylaxis, response management is crucial. The current standard of care for those with nut allergies comprises complete food avoidance and the administration of injectable epinephrine to treat systemic symptoms.