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Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynami...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud, Diepers, Paulina, Janke, Christian, Plank, Michael, Eser, Tabea M., Rubio-Acero, Raquel, Fuchs, Anna, Baranov, Olga, Castelletti, Noemi, Kroidl, Inge, Olbrich, Laura, Bauer, Bernadette, Wang, Danni, Prelog, Martina, Liese, Johannes G., Reinkemeyer, Christina, Hoelscher, Michael, Steininger, Philipp, Überla, Klaus, Wieser, Andreas, Geldmacher, Christof
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36582222
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473
Descripción
Sumario:SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.