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Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynami...

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Autores principales: Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud, Diepers, Paulina, Janke, Christian, Plank, Michael, Eser, Tabea M., Rubio-Acero, Raquel, Fuchs, Anna, Baranov, Olga, Castelletti, Noemi, Kroidl, Inge, Olbrich, Laura, Bauer, Bernadette, Wang, Danni, Prelog, Martina, Liese, Johannes G., Reinkemeyer, Christina, Hoelscher, Michael, Steininger, Philipp, Überla, Klaus, Wieser, Andreas, Geldmacher, Christof
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36582222
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473
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author Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud
Diepers, Paulina
Janke, Christian
Plank, Michael
Eser, Tabea M.
Rubio-Acero, Raquel
Fuchs, Anna
Baranov, Olga
Castelletti, Noemi
Kroidl, Inge
Olbrich, Laura
Bauer, Bernadette
Wang, Danni
Prelog, Martina
Liese, Johannes G.
Reinkemeyer, Christina
Hoelscher, Michael
Steininger, Philipp
Überla, Klaus
Wieser, Andreas
Geldmacher, Christof
author_facet Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud
Diepers, Paulina
Janke, Christian
Plank, Michael
Eser, Tabea M.
Rubio-Acero, Raquel
Fuchs, Anna
Baranov, Olga
Castelletti, Noemi
Kroidl, Inge
Olbrich, Laura
Bauer, Bernadette
Wang, Danni
Prelog, Martina
Liese, Johannes G.
Reinkemeyer, Christina
Hoelscher, Michael
Steininger, Philipp
Überla, Klaus
Wieser, Andreas
Geldmacher, Christof
author_sort Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud
collection PubMed
description SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.
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spelling pubmed-97929772022-12-28 Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud Diepers, Paulina Janke, Christian Plank, Michael Eser, Tabea M. Rubio-Acero, Raquel Fuchs, Anna Baranov, Olga Castelletti, Noemi Kroidl, Inge Olbrich, Laura Bauer, Bernadette Wang, Danni Prelog, Martina Liese, Johannes G. Reinkemeyer, Christina Hoelscher, Michael Steininger, Philipp Überla, Klaus Wieser, Andreas Geldmacher, Christof Front Immunol Immunology SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9792977/ /pubmed/36582222 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ahmed, Diepers, Janke, Plank, Eser, Rubio-Acero, Fuchs, Baranov, Castelletti, Kroidl, Olbrich, Bauer, Wang, Prelog, Liese, Reinkemeyer, Hoelscher, Steininger, Überla, Wieser and Geldmacher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud
Diepers, Paulina
Janke, Christian
Plank, Michael
Eser, Tabea M.
Rubio-Acero, Raquel
Fuchs, Anna
Baranov, Olga
Castelletti, Noemi
Kroidl, Inge
Olbrich, Laura
Bauer, Bernadette
Wang, Danni
Prelog, Martina
Liese, Johannes G.
Reinkemeyer, Christina
Hoelscher, Michael
Steininger, Philipp
Überla, Klaus
Wieser, Andreas
Geldmacher, Christof
Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title_full Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title_fullStr Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title_short Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
title_sort enhanced spike-specific, but attenuated nucleocapsid-specific t cell responses upon sars-cov-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36582222
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473
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