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Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity

Aging is a natural process of extinction of the body and the main aspect that determines the life expectancy for individuals who have survived to the post-reproductive period. The process of aging is accompanied by certain physiological, immune, and metabolic changes in the body, as well as the deve...

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Autores principales: Kunizheva, S. S., Volobaev, V. P., Plotnikova, M. Yu., Kupriyanova, D. A., Kuznetsova, I. L., Tyazhelova, T. V., Rogaev, E. I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Pleiades Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36590179
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1022795422120067
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author Kunizheva, S. S.
Volobaev, V. P.
Plotnikova, M. Yu.
Kupriyanova, D. A.
Kuznetsova, I. L.
Tyazhelova, T. V.
Rogaev, E. I.
author_facet Kunizheva, S. S.
Volobaev, V. P.
Plotnikova, M. Yu.
Kupriyanova, D. A.
Kuznetsova, I. L.
Tyazhelova, T. V.
Rogaev, E. I.
author_sort Kunizheva, S. S.
collection PubMed
description Aging is a natural process of extinction of the body and the main aspect that determines the life expectancy for individuals who have survived to the post-reproductive period. The process of aging is accompanied by certain physiological, immune, and metabolic changes in the body, as well as the development of age-related diseases. The contribution of genetic factors to human life expectancy is estimated at about 25–30%. Despite the success in identifying genes and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the life extension process in model organisms, the key question remains to what extent these data can be extrapolated to humans, for example, because of the complexity of its biological and sociocultural systems, as well as possible species differences in life expectancy and causes of mortality. New molecular genetic methods have significantly expanded the possibilities for searching for genetic factors of human life expectancy and identifying metabolic pathways of aging, the interaction of genes and transcription factors, the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, and epigenetic modifications. The review presents the latest research and current strategies for studying the genetic basis of human aging and longevity: the study of individual candidate genes in genetic population studies, variations identified by the GWAS method, immunogenetic differences in aging, and genomic studies to identify factors of “healthy aging.” Understanding the mechanisms of the interaction between factors affecting the life expectancy and the possibility of their regulation can become the basis for developing comprehensive measures to achieve healthy longevity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1022795422120067.
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spelling pubmed-97944102022-12-28 Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity Kunizheva, S. S. Volobaev, V. P. Plotnikova, M. Yu. Kupriyanova, D. A. Kuznetsova, I. L. Tyazhelova, T. V. Rogaev, E. I. Russ J Genet Reviews and Theoretical Articles Aging is a natural process of extinction of the body and the main aspect that determines the life expectancy for individuals who have survived to the post-reproductive period. The process of aging is accompanied by certain physiological, immune, and metabolic changes in the body, as well as the development of age-related diseases. The contribution of genetic factors to human life expectancy is estimated at about 25–30%. Despite the success in identifying genes and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the life extension process in model organisms, the key question remains to what extent these data can be extrapolated to humans, for example, because of the complexity of its biological and sociocultural systems, as well as possible species differences in life expectancy and causes of mortality. New molecular genetic methods have significantly expanded the possibilities for searching for genetic factors of human life expectancy and identifying metabolic pathways of aging, the interaction of genes and transcription factors, the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, and epigenetic modifications. The review presents the latest research and current strategies for studying the genetic basis of human aging and longevity: the study of individual candidate genes in genetic population studies, variations identified by the GWAS method, immunogenetic differences in aging, and genomic studies to identify factors of “healthy aging.” Understanding the mechanisms of the interaction between factors affecting the life expectancy and the possibility of their regulation can become the basis for developing comprehensive measures to achieve healthy longevity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1022795422120067. Pleiades Publishing 2022-12-28 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9794410/ /pubmed/36590179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1022795422120067 Text en © Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2022, ISSN 1022-7954, Russian Journal of Genetics, 2022, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 1427–1443. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2022.Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Genetika, 2022, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 1367–1385. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Reviews and Theoretical Articles
Kunizheva, S. S.
Volobaev, V. P.
Plotnikova, M. Yu.
Kupriyanova, D. A.
Kuznetsova, I. L.
Tyazhelova, T. V.
Rogaev, E. I.
Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title_full Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title_fullStr Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title_full_unstemmed Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title_short Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity
title_sort current trends and approaches to the search for genetic determinants of aging and longevity
topic Reviews and Theoretical Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36590179
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1022795422120067
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