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Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19
BACKGROUND: A method of determining the initial symptoms and main prognostic identifiers for COVID-19 can be a key tool for physicians, especially primary care physicians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 from two different demographic reg...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36590935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1040062 |
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author | Oliván-Blázquez, Bárbara Bartolomé-Moreno, Cruz Gericó-Aseguinolaza, Junkal Méndez-López, Fátima Lerma-Irureta, David Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar Fernández-Martínez, Selene Magallón-Botaya, Rosa |
author_facet | Oliván-Blázquez, Bárbara Bartolomé-Moreno, Cruz Gericó-Aseguinolaza, Junkal Méndez-López, Fátima Lerma-Irureta, David Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar Fernández-Martínez, Selene Magallón-Botaya, Rosa |
author_sort | Oliván-Blázquez, Bárbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A method of determining the initial symptoms and main prognostic identifiers for COVID-19 can be a key tool for physicians, especially primary care physicians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 from two different demographic regions according to baseline and main symptoms, age, and sex. METHODS: All individuals selected from both urban and rural health centers were over 18 years of age, had COVID-19 before 2 March 2021, and were followed up with a primary care physician. All patients included in this study were recruited in terms of sex, age at the time of infection, type of contact, baseline symptoms, primary and secondary symptomatology, emergency assistance, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. RESULTS: A total of 219 and 214 subjects were recruited from rural and urban health centers, respectively. Subjects with COVID-19 from rural areas were significantly older in age, with a higher proportion of men, and had significantly lower baseline and main symptoms than those from urban areas. In addition, the presence of both fever and dyspnea as the initial or main symptom is significantly associated with emergency assistance, hospitalization, and death, regardless of sex, age, and demographic area. This type of illness was reported to be significantly less frequent in the rural population than in the urban population. CONCLUSION: The presence of both fever and dyspnea as both initial and main symptoms is a poor prognostic factor for COVID-19, regardless of age, sex, and demographic areas. In addition, women reported lower levels of fever and dyspnea, requiring minimal emergency assistance and fewer hospitalization, and a lower rate of mortality than men. During a COVID-19 infection follow-up, subjects in rural areas seem to have less access to medical care than those in urban areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9795186 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97951862022-12-29 Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 Oliván-Blázquez, Bárbara Bartolomé-Moreno, Cruz Gericó-Aseguinolaza, Junkal Méndez-López, Fátima Lerma-Irureta, David Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar Fernández-Martínez, Selene Magallón-Botaya, Rosa Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine BACKGROUND: A method of determining the initial symptoms and main prognostic identifiers for COVID-19 can be a key tool for physicians, especially primary care physicians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 from two different demographic regions according to baseline and main symptoms, age, and sex. METHODS: All individuals selected from both urban and rural health centers were over 18 years of age, had COVID-19 before 2 March 2021, and were followed up with a primary care physician. All patients included in this study were recruited in terms of sex, age at the time of infection, type of contact, baseline symptoms, primary and secondary symptomatology, emergency assistance, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. RESULTS: A total of 219 and 214 subjects were recruited from rural and urban health centers, respectively. Subjects with COVID-19 from rural areas were significantly older in age, with a higher proportion of men, and had significantly lower baseline and main symptoms than those from urban areas. In addition, the presence of both fever and dyspnea as the initial or main symptom is significantly associated with emergency assistance, hospitalization, and death, regardless of sex, age, and demographic area. This type of illness was reported to be significantly less frequent in the rural population than in the urban population. CONCLUSION: The presence of both fever and dyspnea as both initial and main symptoms is a poor prognostic factor for COVID-19, regardless of age, sex, and demographic areas. In addition, women reported lower levels of fever and dyspnea, requiring minimal emergency assistance and fewer hospitalization, and a lower rate of mortality than men. During a COVID-19 infection follow-up, subjects in rural areas seem to have less access to medical care than those in urban areas. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9795186/ /pubmed/36590935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1040062 Text en Copyright © 2022 Oliván-Blázquez, Bartolomé-Moreno, Gericó-Aseguinolaza, Méndez-López, Lerma-Irureta, Lamiquiz-Moneo, Fernández-Martínez and Magallón-Botaya. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Oliván-Blázquez, Bárbara Bartolomé-Moreno, Cruz Gericó-Aseguinolaza, Junkal Méndez-López, Fátima Lerma-Irureta, David Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar Fernández-Martínez, Selene Magallón-Botaya, Rosa Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title | Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title_full | Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title_short | Relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with COVID-19 |
title_sort | relationship between initial symptoms and the prognosis, sex, and demographic area of patients with covid-19 |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36590935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1040062 |
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